Microwave Systems and Devices

1

• Microwave Systems and Devices

2
Devices

• Semiconductor
• Amplifier
• GaAs, SiGe, InP
• HEMT
• Detector
• Coupler and Filter
• Isolator and Circulator

3
Devices

• Microwave MEMS
• NASA single pole double throw switch
• http//gltrs.grc.nasa.gov/reports/2002/TM-2002-211
  510.pdf
• Philips MEMS Capacitor

4
Circuits

• Substrate
• Stripline
• Connector
• Cable

5
Measurement Systems

• Signal Generator
• Synthesizer
• Frequency sweeping
• Spectrum Analyzer
• Spectrum
• Network Analyzer
• S parameters
• Amplitude and phase

6

• Satellite Communications

7
Classification by Orbit

• Geo Sync (36k km)
• Broadcasting
• Medium Earth Orbit (10-15k km)
• Communications
• Low Earth Orbit (800-2500 km)
• Communications
• Surveillance
• View From Satellites
• http//www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth

8
Classification by Frequency
9
Communications Satellites

• Direct Broadcasting Service
• TV
• DirectTV
• EchoStar
• Digital Radio
• XM
• Sirius
• Communications
• Relay

10
Satellite

• Solar Power Panel
• Antenna
• Beam
• Transponder
• Positioning

11
Earth Station

• Uplink
• Data Source (Router)
• Modulator
• Up-Converter
• Amplifiers Klystron, traveling wave, solid state
  
• Wave Guide
• Dish Antenna
• Feed Horn
• Downlink
• Dish Antenna
• Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)
• Low Noise Block Down-Converter (LNB)
• Down-Converter
• Demodulator
• Data Destination

12
Signaling

• Modulation
• BPSK
• QPSK
• 8, 16, 32PSK
• Coding
• Viterbi
• Reed Solomon
• Error Correction
• FEC

13
Parameters

• Power
• Radiated and reflected, impedance, voltage
  standing wave ratio (VSWR)
• System
• Link budget
• S/N ratio
• Noise floor
• Spectrum interference
• Saturation
• Solar/Sun Outage
• Attenuation
• Atmospheric absorption and rain fade
• Free space loss
• Amplifier
• Gain
• Noise temperature
• Carrier to noise ratio
• Intermodulation
• Saturation and back-off

14

• Low Noise Amplifier and Block Converter
• GaAs FET, HEMT
• http//eesof.tm.agilent.com/docs/iccap2002/MDLGBOO
  K/7DEVICE_MODELING/3TRANSISTORS/0History/HEMTHisto
  ry.pdf
• Device example
• Macom
• http//www.macom.com/data/datasheet/MAALSS0013_V5.
  pdf
• Link Budget
• Power 100 W
• Loss -190 dB
• Antenna gain 35 dB
• Receiver noise
• -150 dBW
• Carrier to noise ratio
• Data rate
• Analysis http//www.williamson-labs.com/comm_022.h
  tm
• Calculator http//www.satsig.net/linkbugt.htm
• stinet.dtic.mil/dticrev/PDFs/ADA445220.pdf

15
Navigation Systems

• Land Based
• Principle
• Radio direction finding
• Hyperbolic system
• Systems
• Decca, Loran-A, Loran-C, Omega
• Satellite Navigation
• Principle
• Timing or phase delay
• Triangulation
• Systems
• Secor, Transit, Timation, Parus, Tsikada, Tsyklon
• GPS
• Navstar, Glonass

16
GPS Principle

• 24 Satellites in 6 Orbital Planes
• 20,200 km, 12 hr
• 5 satellites in view
• Triangulation
• Solve t, x, y, z
• Accuracy
• Standard
• Military

17
GPS Signaling

• Transmission
• L1 (1575.42 MHz)
• L2 (1227.6 MHz)
• Coarse acquisition
• Precise code
• CDMA

18
GPS Receiver

• Block Diagram
• Chipset
• TI TGS5000 http//focus.ti.com/pdfs/wtbu/TI_AGPS.p
  df

19

• Receiver Complexity
• Multiplexed
• Continuous
• Mode of Operation
• Code correlation
• Carrier phase
• Applications
• General Purpose Hand-Held
• Aviation
• Marine
• Automobile Navigation
• Mapping and Surveying
• Altitude Determination
• Time and Frequency Reference
• Reference
• http//www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/gps
  /gps_f.html

20
Satellite Phone and Data Systems

• Iridium
• Globalstar
• Teledesic

21
Chapter Review

• Microwave Technology
• Devices, circuits, characterizations
• Satellite Technology
• Communications, surveillance
• Geosync, constellation
• Uplink, downlink
• Link Budge Analysis
• Device performance, channel characteristics,
  noise analysis, system margin
• Navigation
• Land based, GPS
• Satellite Phone Systems