Graphs and Data Tables

1
Graphs and Data Tables

• A circle graph is good when we know about 100 of
  something.
• A bar graph is good when we want to compare
  distinct categories.
• A line graph is good when we have a continuous
  variable like time.

2
Atoms

• Atoms
• All things are made of atoms.  Everything in the
  world, including you, is made out of atoms.
• Atoms are so small that they cannot be seen with
  normal microscopes.
• Ex) If a person could break a piece of iron into
  its smallest parts, the person would be left with
  ____.
• A) Protons C) Atoms
• B) Neutrons D) Quarks

3
Subatomic Particles

• Atoms are made of subatomic particles.
• There are three parts of subatomic particles
  protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• Ex) Which of the following is not a subatomic
  particle?
• A) Protons C) Electrons
• B) Neutrons D) Nucleus

4
Atomic Structure

• Protons and neutrons are located in the center of
  an atom. This area is called the nucleus.

• Ex) Which of the following subatomic particles is
  not located in the nucleus?
• A) Proton
• B) Neutron
• C) Electron

5
Protons

• Protons
• Protons have a positive charge.
• Protons are located in the nucleus or center of
  the atom.

6
Neutrons

• Neutrons
• Neutrons have a neutral or zero charge.
• Neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom
  with the protons.

7
Electrons

• Electrons
• Electrons have a negative charge.
• Electrons are located outside of the nucleus.
• Electrons spin around the nucleus.  You can think
  of the nucleus as the sun and the electrons as
  the planets.  Just as the planets spin around the
  sun, the electrons spin around the nucleus.

8
Atomic Number

• Atomic number is the number of protons in an
  atom.  If an atom has an atomic number of 5 then
  the atom has 5 protons.
• Ex) Atom 1 has 5 protons, atom 2 has 3 protons.
  Solve this math problem Atomic Number of Atom 1
  Atomic Number of Atom 2

9
History of Periodic Table

• History
• Dmitri Mendeleev came up with the first periodic
  table of the elements in 1869.  Mendeleev was a
  Russian scientist.
• Mendeleev arranged his atomic table by atomic
  mass.
• Henry Moseley rearranged the periodic table to be
  in order of increasing atomic number.  The
  current periodic table is still arranged by
  atomic number (number of protons).

10
Periodic Table

• Parts
• Rows are known as periods.  Think about how we
  write, left to right, and that we add periods to
  the end of our sentences.
• Columns are known as families or groups. 
  Elements in the same group have similar
  characteristics.

11
Metals

• Metals
• Metals are elements that are generally shiny,
  hard, ductile, malleable, and good conductors of
  electricity.
• Malleable capable of being pounded into shapes
• Ductile capable of being drawn into wires
• Conductor allows heat and electricity to flow
  through it
• Metals are located to the left of the zig-zag
  line on the periodic table.

12
Non-Metals and Metalloids

• Non-metals
• Non-metals are elements that have properties
  opposite to those of metals.
• Non-metals are located to the right of the
  zig-zag line on the periodic table.
• Metalloids
• Metalloids have properties in common with both
  metals and and non-metals.
• Metalloids are located along the zig-zag line on
  the periodic table.

13
Chemical Vs Physical

• Chemical versus Physical Changes
• 1) A physical change is a change that does NOT
  involve a change in the chemical makeup of a
  substance.
• Example Ice melting to water. It is H2O before
  and it is H2O afterwards.
• H2O (ice) ? H2O (water)
• 2) A chemical change is a change that does
  involve a change in the chemical makeup of a
  substance.
• Example Water being broken down into hydrogen
  and oxygen.
• 2H2O ? 2H2 O2

14
Synthesis and Decomposition

• 3) A synthesis reaction involves 2 or more parts
  coming together to make 1 thing.
• 2H2 O2 ? 2H2O
• 4) A decomposition reaction involves 1 things
  breaking down into 2 or more parts.
• 2H2O ? 2H2 O2

15
Chemical Versus Physical

• Ex) What kind of reaction involves the breakdown
  of 1 thing into 2.
• Ex) What kind of reaction involves 2 things being
  made into 1.
• Ex) What kind of change involves a change on the
  chemical level?
• Ex) What kind of change does NOT involve a change
  on the chemical level?

16
Acids and Bases

• Acids and Bases
• 1) An acid is a substance that makes H ions in
  solution.
• An example of an acid is orange juice.
• Acids taste sour.
• 2) A base is a substance that makes OH- ions in
  solution.
• An example of a base is laundry detergent.
• Bases taste bitter.
• 3) A neutral solution is not an acid or a base.
• Water is neutral.

17
Acids and Bases

• Ex) A solution was found to be sour in taste.
  What kind of ions does this solution make?
• Ex) A solution was found to be bitter in taste.
  What kind of ions does this solution make?
• Ex) A solution does not have H or OH- ions.
  What can we call this solution?
• Ex) Is orange juice an acid or base?

18
Indicators

• Indicators change color in the presence of acids
  and bases.
• Cabbage juice can be used as an indicator.
• Red/pink acid
• Blue/green Base
• Purple Neutral

19
Indicator

• For each of the following colors, tell whether it
  is an acid, base, or neutral.
• Ex) Pink
• Ex) Blue
• Ex) Green
• Ex) Purple

20
Simple Machines

• There are 6 simple machines
• Wedge
• Wheel and Axle
• Lever
• Pulley
• Inclined Plane
• Screw

21
Simple Machines
22
Simple Machines

• Ex) An inclined plane wrapped around a pole is
  similar to what simple machine?
• Ex) What simple machine is like a ramp?
• Ex) What simple machine would be good for lifting
  a box to a second story window?

23
Newton's Laws of Motion

• Newton had 3 laws of motion.
• 1st Law An object in motion or rest stays in
  motion or rest until a force acts on it.
• 2nd Law Force equals mass times acceleration
• 3rd Law For every action there is an equal and
  opposite reaction.

24
(No Transcript)