Temperate Deciduous Forest

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Temperate Deciduous Forest
by Tony Harstedt
www.mad-wallpapers.50megs.com
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Characteristics of Temperate Deciduous Forests
- Found in cool, rainy areas - Four distinct
season Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall - Average
temperature is about 60-70 F - 2 to 5 feet of
precipitation year round (rain and snow) -
Fertile soil - enriched with leaves, twigs,
logs, dead organisms - Contain Deciduous trees
(trees that lose their leaves in fall) -
includes but not limited to the
following Oak Birch Beech Maple Chestnut H
ickory Elm Linden Walnut Basswood Aspen -
Growing season is usually 6 months
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Location of Temperate Deciduous Forests
www.nhptv.org/natureworks/tempd.jpg
- shown in light region of land area
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Rainfall Comparison
- mbgnet.mdbot.org/pfg/diverse/temp/whats.htm
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Examples of Trees found in Deciduous Forests
Birch
White Oak
Sugar Maple
- tree photos from Encarta Encyclopedia 2001
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Examples of Animals found in Deciduous Forests
- animal photos from Encarta Encyclopedia 2001
White-tailed Deer
Red Fox
Gray Squirrel
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What Type of Biome is Minnesota?
Minnesota, like most of the Eastern United
States, falls under the category of Temperate
Deciduous Forest. Minnesota contains a wide
variety of land types, also including grassland,
oligotrophic lake, eutrophic lake, coniferous
forest. There are eight regions of temp.
deciduous forest. MN is considered to be a
hemlock-white pine, northern hardwood region.
Some parts of MN are also oak-pine region as
well.
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Grasslands

• Seasonal drought, fires, and grazing animals
• Deep, rich soil
• 20 degrees north and 20 degrees south
• Central North America, northern and southern
  South America, Australia, central Asia and Europe

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• Grasses, no woody trees and shrubs
• Large grazing animals, rabbits, moles, prairie
  dogs

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(No Transcript)
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The Tropical Rain ForestBy Lena Filler

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-The most complex of all communities, located
near the equator where rainfall is abundant,
harbors more species of plants and animals than
all other terrestrial biomes combined.-The
Rainforest is 3.3 of the earths surface area,
creates 2,250g/m2/yr (average net primary
productivity) and is 22.5 of the earths net
primary productivity.-The Tropical Rain Forest
Biome is located in Hawaii, Central Africa,
Southern Asia, Central and South America and even
a bit of Australia.-Rainfall is variable in the
tropics, it is the prime determinant of the
vegetation growing in the area. In lowland areas
that have a prolonged dry season or scarce
rainfall at any time, but in Kauai, Hawaii which
is the wettest place on Earth gets 1,215
centimeters of rain per year.-The temperature is
like summer 12 months out of the year. It is
very muggy and humid with very little wind.
Plants grow all year round due to the warmth and
amount of moisture.
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-The canopy is home to most of the plants and
animals in the forest because the sun can reach
them there. When an opening occurs the other
trees and woody vines grow rapidly, competing for
the light and space as they fill the gaps. Many
of the trees are covered with epiphytes (plants
that grow on other plants rather than in
soil).-There are many animals and plants that
live in the Tropical Rain Forest. There is a
variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians,
butterflies and plants. Some examples would be
the monkeys, sloths, harpy eagles frogs, jaguars,
lizards, snakes, tigers, leopards, wild pigs,
marble cat, golden and flat headed cats,
mongoose, red dog, sun bear, weasels, giant
anteater, turtles, ants, insects and 40,000
different kinds of plants.
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Tundra
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The Climate
Winter temperatures average about -30 F
throughout most of the true Arctic including the
North Pole. The coldest weather occurs
innortheastern Siberia. There January
temperatures average -40 F, and have reached -93
F. Most other parts of Siberia and the sub arctic
sections of central Asia, Canada, and central
Alaska have an average winter temperatures of
about -20 F. The mildest winters occur in the
coastal regions of the Pacific Oceans, where
January temperatures average about 30 F. These
same regions have mild summers, with average
temperatures of about 45 F. The warmest summers
occur in the inland regions of Siberia, Alaska,
and Canada. July temperatures there average
around 60 F. Weather stations have recorded
temperatures of 90 F and above in these regions.
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Precipitation, Soil Type
Winter storms develop chiefly in two areas where
the barometric pressures remains low. One of
these areas, called the Aleutian low, extends
from eastern Siberia to the Gulf of Alaska. The
other, the Icelandic low, covers central Canada,
half of the Arctic Ocean, and parts of the North
Atlantic Ocean and northern Europe. Storms
beginning in these areas tend to travel from
northwest to southwest. Rainfall in many arctic
regions totals six to ten inches a year,
including melted snow. This is less rain than
falls on some of the world's greatest deserts!
Much of the arctic has rain and fog in the
summer. In spite of the low annual rainfall,
arctic lands may be very wet underfoot because
the moisture evaporates slowly and drainage
conditions are poor. There is also a lot of
permafrost, ice that never goes away in the
ground that is usually about five feet deep.
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Animals General
There are a variety of animals which live in the
tundra. There common characteristics are that
they
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Animals Caribou
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Animals Musk Ox
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Plants
The tundra is not a plants best place to grow
because perma frost (the permanently frozen soil)
that is about a finger-length under the surface
in the summer months prevents the plants' roots
from growing as long as they need. Because of the
fact that plants can not grow their roots out,
most of the tundra's plants are low shrubs and
trees like dwarf willows and birches less than
knee high. Mosses are also another type of
vegetation that grow on the tundra, but the
vegetation that has populated more than any other
is the lichen which is a cross between fungus and
algae.
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Plants Yellow Tundra Flower
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TUNDRA
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Physical Characteristics

• Tundra is made up of a permanently frozen subsoil
  called permafrost
• High winds are responsible for the absence of
  trees and other tall plant life
• Tundra receives very little annual rainfall.
  Water does not penetrate the soil and collects in
  pools on the surface
• Tundra makes up 20 of the Earths land surface

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Biological Characteristics

• Many different animals live in the Tundra
  including moose, reindeer, musk ox,
  caribou,eagles that soar in the summer, and many,
  many mosquitoes
• Low laying plants are abundant such as juniper,
  chamomile, and grasses

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Desert

• By Jennifer Steeves

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Physical Characteristics of the Desert

• Sparse rainfall (less than 30 cm per year)
• Soil surface temperatures can reach temperatures
  above 60 degrees Celsius (some deserts can be
  relatively cold)
• Locations are within 20 degrees north and south
  of the equator.

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Biological Characteristics of the Desert

• Mechanisms that store water
• Example Saguaro Cacti
• Example Desert Mice
• Protective adaptations that deter feeding by
  mammals and insects (spines on cacti and poisons
  in the leaves of shrubs)

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Saguaro Cacti

• Pleated Structure
• This structure enables the plants to expand when
  they absorb water during wet periods.
• Many desert plants rely on CAM photosynthesis (a
  metabolic adaptation that conserves water in this
  arid environment)

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Desert Mice

• Some never drink
• All their water is derived from the metabolic
  breakdown of the seeds they eat

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TIAGA

• Tiaga is the biome of boreal forests.
• Characterized by
• Harsh winters
• A lot of snow
• Short summers
• Evergreen trees

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BOREAL FORESTS

• The Biome called tiaga consists of evergreen
  trees like these. They are coniferous meaning
  that their reproductive structure is the cone.

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short summer short growing season
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inhabitants
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Food is limited to availability

• Grizzlys dinner

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Oligotrophic Lake Biome
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Oligotrophic Lakes

• Definition-Deep, clean and clear lakes that have
  a small surface area relative to depth.
• Physical Characteristics-Climate mild to
  moderate depending on location. Soil type
  nutrient poor-sediments at lake bottom are low in
  decomposable organic matter. Rainfall depends
  on where it is located (Generally low levels of
  rainfall.) Location All over the world-ex. Lake
  Baikal in Siberia. Generally at a higher
  elevation.

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Biological Characteristics of Oligotrophic Lakes

• Plants-can have algae as a result of pollution.
  Grasses surrounding the lake. Generally not a lot
  of trees.
• Animals-Diverse populations of fish and many
  different types of invertebrates like dragon-flys.

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Animals in Oligotrophic Biome