Chapter 1: INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

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Chapter 1 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY I
ndustrial Revolution, Improved Living Standards

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• Chapter 1 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
• History Industrial Revolution
• Egyptians
  Romans 1000
• England 1750 USA 1800
  N.W. Europe 1825
• Improved Living Standards
• Knowledge Diffusion - Capital
  (consumption)
• Development - Need of a Large
  Market

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• Chapter 1 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
• Industrial Society Our Culture
• Esp. Labor - Energy - Std
  Interchangeable Parts
• Machines Prod - Mass Prod./Consumption -
  Assembly Line

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• Chapter 2 MACHINES THE NEW SLAVES
• Ancient Greece Democracy Slaves do the Work
• Two Cultures
• Engineers Movers Shakers or Who
  make the Changes ?
• Change is GOOD . But You Go First
  !
• Poets Politicians Fed by
  Engineers
• Influential Changes
• James Watts
  The Steam Engine
• Eli Whitney
  Interchangeable Parts
• Michael Faraday
  Dynamo the Motor
• Nikolaus Otto
  Internal Combustion Engine
• Thomas Edison
  Electric Illumination
• Alexander G. Bell L.D.
  Transmission of Speech
• Henry Ford High Pay, Low Cost
  Car, Mass Prod/C
• Frank Lilian Gilbreth Motion
  Study - Ergonomics

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• Chapter 3a WORK SMART, NOT HARD
• Productivity and Living Standards
• The Bad Good Old Days
• Benefits Techniques Better Rich
  than Poor

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• Chapter 3b WORK SMART, NOT HARD
• Work Efficiently NOT Harder
• Productivity (Output/Input)
• Eff. Technology Scientific-Eng-Manage
  rial Techs.
• Labor -() Materials - Energy -
  Information
• Land
• Materials
• Four Factors
  Capital Technology
• Machines
• Labor
• Output gt Input Cheaper
  Energy Labor
• Agriculture, Insulation, Machines,

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• Chapter 3c WORK SMART, NOT HARD
• Productivity (Output/Input) From Table
• 
  
• Improvement
• Work Smart More
  Efficient
• Uses
  Min. Effort Law
• Work Hard More
  Effort

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• Chapter 3d WORK SMART, NOT HARD
• Job Timing or Operation From Fig 3.2 and 3.3
• Eng. Priorities Oil Cost, Other E.,
  Cheap Labor
• Benefits For Who ? The Good of
  the whole
• 
  conceals the cost to the few
• Individual Skills - Change
  Jobs - Cant Change
• Workers - Society -
  Capital Owners ?
• More Labor More Work Basic
  Extra
• Improper Design
• 
  Non-Standarization
• Poor Management Wrong Quality
  Standards
• 
  Material Wastage
• 
  Energy Wastage

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Chapter 3e WORK SMART, NOT HARD
Macro
Micro
Poor Methods Poor Arrangement
Poor Equipment Use
Too
Many Prods. Models /unit
Poorly Designed Product
Rejections Poor Management Poor
Production Scheduling
Poor Maintenance Prev.
Maint.
Poor Safety Health It Just Pays !
Poor Workers Poor Quality MINOR
Better Prod Design ? WORK
SMART Improvements
Work Hard ? 20
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• Chapter 4a ENGINEERING DESIGN
• Scientific Method Data vs Theory
• 1) State the Problem
• 2) Build an Hypothesis
• 3) Apply Analysis to the Model
• 4) Design and Perform Experiment
• 5) Compare Data with Hypothesis
• Engineering Design 5 STEPS DAMES
• - D efine the Problem in detail
• - A nalyze in detail - goals - limits -
  characts.
• - M ake Search of Optimum solution -
  alternatives - peers
• Benchmark - workers - supervisors -
  vendors - etc.
• - E valuate Alternatives Try them out -
  simulations - etc.
• - S pecify and Sell Solution Acceptance
  - sell before present
• Meeting - test market approach
  - partial loaf

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• Chapter 4b ENGINEERING DESIGN
• First is First (Pareto) think BIG
• avings/yr if material cuts by 10
• Check Projects
• avings/yr if cut
  labor by 10
• Wilfredo Pareto distribution Cause (X) vs
  Effect (Y) Fig. 4.1
• Cost Allocation Cost/unit (Table 4.4)
• Direct Labor Prime Cost Direct
  Material Direct Labor
• Ovehead Allocate to Cost Centers
• Manufact. Cost Prime
  Cost Factory Overhead
• Profit Capital
  (interest) risk of capital
• Must Include Total Cost Profit
  Selling Price
• Customer Prize Factory Price
  Distribution Costs

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• Chapter 4c ENGINEERING DESIGN
• Return On Investment (see Figure 4.3)
• Any Changes ?
• Put changes in (improvement
  is /unit)
• Compute Benefits vs Costs (use
  reliable data)
• ROI (Annual Savings /
  Implementation Cost) 100

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• Chapter 4d ENGINEERING DESIGN
• One Time Costs
• Annual Savings
• Benefit / Cost
  Calculations
• Dont Forget Those Agencies OSHA - EPA, etc
• Evolutionary Operation of Processes (EVOP) See
  Fig 4.4
• Continuous Improvement - Small
  Variations
• 
  - Select Favorable Variants
• - Passive Observation Control
  Charts
• - Active Observation Take
  action, do an experiment !
• - Product to Sale
• - Process Information Maximize
  Info - Cut the Weeds
• - Who should run the experiment ?
• - Do not endanger the product