The Emergence of Modern Protestantism 1725 - 1810

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The Emergence of Modern Protestantism1725 - 1810
Lecture 10 The Missions Movement Part 2
Dr. Dave Doughty
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Outline (2 weeks)

• William Carey
• Piper on suffering in missions

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William Carey

• 1761-1834
• Biography titled, The Life of William Carey,
  Shoemaker and Missionary by George Smith, 1885
• Father was a weaver, then a schoolmaster
• He was apprenticed to a shoemaker at the age of
  12
• In 1785 he was appointed schoolmaster for village
  of Moulton
• He was also invited to pastor the local Baptist
  church
• Headed to India in 1793

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What Got Carey Interested in Missions

• Careys interest in non-Christian peoples was
  aroused in Great Britain by several things
• The voyages of discovery in the Pacific, under
  government auspices, conducted by Captain James
  Cook (1728-1779) from 1768 until his death.
• The diary of David Brainerd
• In 1781 Andrew Fuller writes a book titled, The
  Gospel Worthy of All Acceptation which was a
  huge influence on Carey.
• Jonathan Edwards book Humble Attempt to promote
  Explicit Agreement and Visible Union of Gods
  People in Extraordinary Prayer for the revivial
  of Religion and the Advancement of Christs
  Kingdom on Earth.
• In 1786, at a ministers meeting Carey raised the
  question of whether it was the duty of all
  Christians to spread the Gospel throughout the
  world. J.C. Ryland, father of John Ryland, is
  said to have retorted, Young man, sit down when
  God pleases to convert the heathen, he will do it
  without your aid and mine. (this is disputed by
  the son)

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William Carey 1792

• In 1792 Carey wrote, Enquiry into the Obligation
  of Christians to use Means for the Conversion of
  the Heathens
• Also in 1792 Carey preached a sermon (aka the
  Deathless Sermon) on Isaiah 542-3
• Enlarge the place of your tent, stretch your tent
  curtains wide,
• do not hold back lengthen your cords,
  strengthen your stakes.
• For you will spread out to the right and to the
  left
• your descendants will dispossess nations and
  settle in their desolate cities.
• Although the text of the sermon is not extant,
  the general consensus is that it had two points,
  which together have become the defining Carey
  quote
• Expect great things from God, attempt great
  things for God.

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Enquiry into the Obligation of Christians to use
Means for the Conversion of the Heathens

• In Which the Religious State of the Different
  Nations of the World, The Success of Former
  Undertakings, and the Practicability of Further
  Undertakings, Are Considered.
• Five parts
• 1. Theological justification for missions the
  Great Commission remains binding on all
  Christians
• 2. History of missionary activity ending with
  David Brainerd and John Wesley
• 3. 26 pages of tables, listing area, population
  and religion statistics for every country in the
  world.
• 4. Objections answered. (Language difficulty,
  danger, etc.)
• 5. Calls for the formation of a Baptist
  missionary society, and explains how it could be
  supported.

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Enquiry - Introduction

• As our blessed Lord has required us to pray that
  his kingdom may come, and his will be done on
  earth as it is in heaven, it becomes us not only
  to express our desires of that even by words, but
  to use every lawful method to spread the
  knowledge of his nameIt was for this purpose
  that the Messiah came and died, that God might be
  just, and the justifier of all that should
  believe in him. When he had laid down his life,
  and taken it up again, he sent forth the
  disciples to preach the good tidings to every
  creature, and to endeavour by all possible
  methods to bring over a lost world to God. They
  went forth according to their divine commission,
  and wonderful success attended their
  laboursSince the apostolic age many other
  attempts to spread the gospel have been made,
  which have been considerably successful,
  notwithstanding which a very considerable part of
  mankind are still involved in all the darkness of
  heathenism.

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Enquiry Introduction - 2

• Some attempts are still making, but they are
  inconsiderable in comparison of what might be
  done if the whole body of Christians entered
  heartily into the spririt of the divine command
  on this subject. Some think little about it,
  other are unacquainted with the state of the
  world, and others love their wealth better than
  the souls of their fellow-creatures.
• In order that the subject maybe taken into more
  serious consideration, I shall enquire, whether
  the commission given by our Lord to his disciples
  be not still binding on us,-take a short view of
  former undertakings,-give some account of the
  present state of the world,-consider the
  practicability of doing something more that is
  done,-and the duty of Christians in general in
  this matter.

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Enquiry Sect. 1

• An Enquiry whether the Commission given by our
  Lord to his Disciples be not still binding on
  us.
• It seems as if many thought the commission was
  sufficiently put in execution by what the
  apostles and others have done that we have
  enough to do to attend to the salvation of our
  own countrymen and that, if God intends the
  salvation of the heathen, he will some way or
  other bring them to the gospel, or the gospel to
  themThere seems also to be an opinion existing
  in the minds of some, thatit may not be
  immediately binding on us to execute the
  commission though it was so upon them.

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Enquiry Sect. 1 - 2

• First, if the command of Christ to teach all
  nations be restricted to the apostles, or those
  under the immediate inspiration of the Holy
  Ghost, then that of baptizing should be so too
  and every denomination of Christians, except the
  Quakers, is wrong in baptizing with water at all.
• Thirdly, If the command of Christ to teach all
  nations extend only to the apostles, then
  doubtless the promise of the divine presence in
  this work must be so limited but this is worded
  in such a manner as expressly precludes such an
  idea, Lo, I am with you always, to the end of the
  world.
• We cannot say it is repealed , like the commands
  of the ceremonial law nor can we plead that
  there are no objects for the command to be
  exercised uponNor can we produce a
  counter-revelation, concerning any particular
  nation

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Enquiry Sect. 1 - 3

• It has been objected that there are multitudes in
  our own nation, and within our immediate spheres
  of action, who are as ignorant as the South-Sea
  savages, and that therefore we have work enough
  at home, without going into other coutriesOur
  own countrymen have the means of grace, and may
  attend on the word preached if they chuse itbut
  with them the case is widely different, who have
  no Bible, no written language (which many of them
  have not) no ministers, no good civil government,
  nor any of those advantages which we have. Pity,
  therefore, humanity, and much more Christianity,
  call loudly for every possible exertion to
  introduce the gospel amongst them.

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Enquiry Sect. 2

• Begins with a long review of Acts, then
  post-biblical apostolic trips
• Then the spread of Christianity throughout the
  world
• Then to North America in 1620
• In 1632, Mr. Elliot, of New-England, a very pious
  and zealous minister, began to preach to the
  Indians, among who he had great success
• About the year 1743, Mr. David Brainerd was sent
  a missionary to some more Indians, where he
  preached and prayed, and after some time an
  extraordinary work of conversion was wrought, and
  wonderful success attended his ministry.
• The late Mr. Wesley lately made an effort in the
  West-Indies, and some of their ministers are now
  labouring amongst the Caribs and Negroes, and I
  have seen pleasing accounts of their success.

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Enquiry Sect. 3

• Carey divides the world into four parts, Europe,
  Asia, Africa and America
• For each he lists all the regions/countries,
  gives the size, population and religious beliefs
  of each
• One point he is attempting to make is that
  compared with Europe and America, Asia and Africa
  are unreached.
• (See pp 37 60)
• First, the inhabitants of the world, according to
  this calculation, amount to about seven hundred
  and thirty-one millions, four hundred and twenty
  millions of whom are still in pagan darkness an
  hundred and thirty millions the followers of
  Mahomet an hundred millions catholics
  forty-four millions protestants thirty millions
  of the greek and armenian churches, and perhaps
  seven millions of jews.

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Enquiry Sect. 3- 2

• It must undoubtedly strike every considerate
  mind, what a vast proportion of the sons of Adam
  there are, who yet remain in the most deplorable
  state of heathen darkness, without any means of
  knowing the true God, except what are afforded
  them by the works of nature, and utterly
  destitute of the knowledge of the gospel of
  Christ.
• Secondly, Barbarous as these poor heathens are,
  they appear to be as capable of knowledge as we
  are, and in many places, at least have discovered
  uncommon genius and tractableness
• Thirdly, in other parts, where they have a
  written language, as in the East-Indies, China,
  Japan, etc. they know nothing of the gospel.
• Fourthly, a very great proportion of Asia and
  Africa, with some part of Europe are Mahometans.

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Enquiry Sect. 3- 3

• All these things are loud calls to Christians,
  and especially to ministers, to exert themselves
  to the utmost in their several spheres of action,
  and to try to enlarge them as much as possible.

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Enquiry Sect. 4. - Impediments

• The impediments in the way of carrying the
  gospel among the heathen must arise, I think,
  from one or other of the following things-either
  their distance from us, their barbarious and
  savage manner of living, the danger of being
  killed by them, the difficulty of procuring the
  necessaries of life, or the unintelligibleness of
  their languages.
• Firstly, As to their distance from usnothing can
  be alleged for itin the present ageScripture
  likewise seems to point out this method, Surely
  the Isles shall wait for me the ships of
  Tarshish first, to bring my sons from far, their
  silver, and their gold with them, unto the name
  of the Lord, thy God. (Isa. 609) This seems to
  imply that in the time of the glorious increase
  of the church in the latter days (of which the
  whole chapter is undoubtedly a prophecy),
  commerce shall subserve the spread of the gospel.

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Impediments - 2

• Secondly,the uncivilized state of the heathen,
  instead of affording an objection against
  preaching the gospel to them, ought to furnish an
  argument for it.
• Thirdly,Paul and Barnabas, who hazarded their
  lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ were
  not blamed as being rash, but commended for so
  doing.
• Fourthly,A Christian minister is a person who in
  a peculiar sense is not his own, he is the
  servant of God and therefore ought to be wholly
  devoted to himhe solemnly undertakes to be
  always engaged, as much as possible, in the
  Lords work, and not to chuse his own pleasure,
  or employment, or pursue the ministry as
  something that is to subserve his own ends, or
  interest
• Fifthly, As to learning their languages, the same
  means would be found necessary here as in trade

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Impediments - 3

• The Missionaries must be of great piety,
  prudence, courage and forbearance of undoubted
  orthodoxy in their sentiments, and must enter
  with all their hearts into the spirit of their
  mission they must be willing to leave all the
  comforts of life behind them, and to encounter
  all the hardships of a torrid, or a frigid
  climate, an uncomfortable manner of living, and
  every other inconvenience that can attend this
  undertaking. Clothing, a few knives, powder and
  shot, fishing-tackle and the articles of
  husbandry above-mentioned, must be provided for
  them, and when arrived at the place of their
  destination, their first business must be to gain
  some acquaintance with the language of the
  natives, (for which purpose two would be better
  than one) and by all lawful means to endeavour to
  cultivate a friendship with them, and as soon as
  possible let them know the errand for which they
  were sent.

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Enquiry Sect. 5

• Fervent and united prayer.
• We must not be contented however with praying,
  without exerting ourselves in the use of means
  for the obtaining of those things we pray for.
• Suppose a company of serious Christians,
  ministers and private persons, were to form
  themselves into a society, and make a number of
  rules respecting the regulation of the plan, and
  the persons who are to be employed as
  missionaries, the means of defraying the expense,
  etc.
• In respect to contributions for defraying the
  expenses, money wil doubtless be wanting and
  suppose the rich were to embark a portion of that
  wealth over which God has made them steward, in
  this important undertaking, perhaps there are few
  ways that would turn to a better account at last

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Enquiry - Conclusion

• We are exhorted to lay up treasure in heaven,
  where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, nor
  thieves break through and steal. It is also
  declared that whatsoever a man soweth, that shall
  he also reap. These scriptures teach us that the
  enjoyments of the life to come, bear a near
  relation to that which now is a relation similar
  to that of the harvest and the seed. It is true
  all the reward is of mere grace, but it is
  nevertheless encouraging, what a treasure, what
  an harvest must await such characters as Paul,
  and Eliot, and Brainerd, and others, who have
  given themselves wholly to the work of the Lord.
  What a heaven will it be to see the many myriads
  of poor heathens, of Britons amongst the rest,
  who by their labours have been brought to the
  knowledge of God. Surely a crown of rejoicing
  like this is worth aspiring to. Surely it is
  worth while to lay ourselves out with all our
  might, in promoting the cause and kingdom of
  Christ.

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The Mission gets started

• October 2, 1792, at the ministers meeting, the
  following resolutions were proposed, and
  unanimously agreed to
• 1. Desirous of making an effort for the
  propagation of the gospel among the heathen,
  agreeably to what is recommended in brother
  Careys late publication o the at subject, we,
  whose names,
• 2. As in the present divided sate of Christendom,
  it seems that each denomination , by exerting
  itself separately, is most like to accomplish the
  great ends of a missin, it is agreed that this
  society be called The Particular Cavlvinistic
  Baptist Society for Propagating the Gospel among
  the Heathen.
• 3. As such an undertaking must needs be attended
  with expense, we agree immediately to open a
  subscription for the above purpose, and to
  recommend it to others.
• 4. Every person who shall subscribe ten pounds at
  once, or ten shillings and sixpence annualy shall
  be considered a member of the society.

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• 5. That the Rev. John Ryland, Reynold Hogg,
  William Carey, Hjohn Sutcliff, and Andrew Fuller,
  be appointed a committee, three of whom shall be
  empowered to act in carrying into effect the
  purposesof this society.

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Why India?

• Carey was originally intending to go to Tahiti or
  Africa
• John Thomas had been in Calcutta as a medical
  missionary, and was in England raising funds.
• Carey wrote the society asking, whether it would
  d not be worthy of the Society to try to make
  that and ours unite with one fund for the purpose
  of sending the gospel to the heathen
  indefinitely.
• Fuller We saw there was a gold mine in India,
  but it was as deep as the centre of the earth.
  Who will venture to explore it?
• I will venture to go down, said Carey, but
  remember that you (Fuller, Sutcliff, Ryland) must
  hold the ropes. We solemnly engaged to him to
  do so, nor while we live shall we desert him
• Carey and Thomas were appointed, and given 100 to
  150 pounds per year between both of them (in fact
  they took just 200 over 3 years)

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On their way

• March 20, 1793 had a commissioning service
• Initially it was only going to be Carey, his son
  Felix, Thomas, and Thomas wife and daughter
• Careys wife originally was not going to go, as
  she was pregnant with their fourth child
• Because they were delayed, and because Carey
  lobbied, eventually she and all four children
  went (the youngest was three weeks old). Her
  sister Kitty went with them.
• They finally left on June 13, 1793. Only Kitty
  ever saw England again.

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Upon Landing in Bengal

• On landing in Bengal, in the year 1793, our
  brethren found themselves surrounded with a
  population of heathens (not including the
  Mahometans) amounting to at least one hundred
  millions of souls.
• they hear these idolators speak of 330,000,000
  of gods. Amidst innumerable idol temples they
  found none erected for the worship of the one
  living and true God. Services without end they
  say performed in honor of the elements

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Upon landing

• They found that this immense population had no
  knowledge whatever of the divine government that
  they supposed the world to be placed under the
  management of beings ignorant, capricious, and
  wicked that the three principal deities, the
  creator, the preserver, and the destroyer, having
  no love of righteousness, nor any settled rules
  of government, were often quarrelling with each
  other...
• Through their ignorance of the divine lawthese
  people imagined that the waters of the Ganges had
  virtue enough in them to purify the mind from its
  earthly stains, and hence they saw the whole
  population residing in its neighborhood, morning
  and evening crowding to the river they saw this
  holy water carried for religious uses to the most
  distant parts, and the dying hurried in their
  last moments to receive their last purification
  in the sacred stream.

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Upon landing

• Under the delusion, that sin is to be removed by
  the merit of works, they observed others
  undertaking long and dangerous pilgrimages in
  which thousands perished while others were seen
  inflicting on their bodies the most dreadful
  tortures, and others were sitting through the
  dayrepeating the names of their guardian deities
• The missionaries perceived that the Hindoos
  labored under the most fatal misapprehensions
  that they believed the good or evil actions of
  this birth were not produced as the volitions of
  their own wills, but arose fromthe actions of
  the past birth that their present actions would
  inevitably give rise to the whole complexion of
  the characters and conduct in the following
  birth
• Amongst these idolaters no Bibles were found no
  sabbaths, no congregating for religious
  instructionno house for God, no God but a log
  of wood, or a monkey, no Saviour but the Ganges

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The status of women in Careys India

• To the Hindoo female all education is denied by
  the positive injunction of the shastru, and by
  the general voice of the population. Not a
  single school for girls, therefore, all over the
  country.
• The Hindoo girl, therefore, spends the ten first
  years of her life in sheer idleness, immured in
  the house of her father.
• Arranged marriages, but, if the boy dies before
  consummation the girl is a widow, and widows
  cannot be married, so she remains a widow for
  life.
• Not long since, a bride, on the day the marriage
  ceremony was to have been performed, was burnt on
  the funeral pile with the dead body of the
  bridegroom (sati)
• In some cases as many as fifty females, the
  daughters of so many Hindoos, are given in
  marriage to one bramhun, in order to make their
  families more respectable

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Hinduism 101

• The worlds oldest organized religion
• No founder, no specific theological system, no
  single system of morality, no central religious
  organization
• Thousands of different religious groups that
  have evolved in India since 1500 BC
• Categorizing the religion of Hinduism is
  somewhat confusing

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Hinduism 101 - God

• Hinduism is both polytheistic and pantheistic.
• Three primary deities which comprise the Brahman
• Brahma (the Creator)
• Vishnu (the Preserver)
• Shiva (the Destroyer)
• 330 million other deities
• All living things are Brahman at their core
• Enlightenment is obtained by becoming tuned to
  the Brahman within, only then can one reach
  Nirvana. The release from the wheel of life that
  allows access to is called moksha, or
  salvation.

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Hinduism 101 Other beliefs

• Karma
• Reincarnation
• Nirvana
• Caste system
• Brahman priest class
• Kshatriyas warriors and rulers
• Vaisyas merchants and farmers
• Shudras laborers
• Untouchables

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Hinduism 101 Salvation (Moksha)

• The first is the way of works or karma
  yogaliberation may be obtained by fulfilling
  ones familial and social duties thereby
  overcoming the weight of bad karma one has
  accrued.
• The second way of salvation is the way of
  knowledge, or jnana yoga.  The basic premise of
  the way of knowledge is that the cause of our
  bondage to the cycle of rebirths in this world is
  ignorance.  According to the predominant view
  among those committed to this way, our ignorance
  consists of the mistaken belief that we are
  individual selves, and not one with the ultimate
  divine reality Brahman.  It is this same
  ignorance that gives rise to our bad actions,
  which result in bad karma.  Salvation is achieved
  through attaining a state of consciousness in
  which we realize our identity with Brahman.  This
  is achieved through deep meditation, often as a
  part of the discipline of yoga.

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Hinduism 101 Salvation (Moksha)

• The third way of salvation is the way of
  devotion, or bhakti yoga.  This is the way most
  favored by the common people of India.  It
  satisfies the longing for a more emotional and
  personal approach to religion.  It involves the
  self-surrender to one of the many personal gods
  and goddesses of Hinduism.  Such devotion is
  expressed through acts of worship, temple
  rituals, and pilgrimages.  Some Hindus conceive
  of ultimate salvation as absorption into the one
  divine reality, with all loss of individual
  existence.  Others conceive of it as heavenly
  existence in adoration of the personal God. 

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Careys early thoughts

• 26th Dec. 1793 A missionary must be one of the
  companions and equals of the people to whom he is
  sentbe exceedingly cautious lest the voyage
  prove a great snare. All the discourse is about
  high life
• If once God would by his Spirit convince them of
  sin, a Saviour would be a blessing indeed to
  them but human nature is the same all the world
  over, and all conviction fails except it is
  produced by the effectual working of the Holy
  Spirit.
• An early convert was a Company man, a deist,
  named Charles Short, who married Mrs. Careys
  sister, and outlived him back in England.

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More from Carey

• I can so far converse in the language as to be
  understood in most things belonging to eating and
  drinking, buying and selling, etc.
• I think the Society would do well to keep their
  eye towards Africa or Asia, countries which are
  not like the wolds of America where long labor
  will scarcely collect sixty people to hear the
  Word for here it is almost impossible to get out
  of the way of hundreds, and preachers are wanted
  a thousand times more than people to preach to.
• no woods to retire to, like Brainerd, for fear
  of tigers (no less than twenty men in the
  department of Deharta where I am, have been
  carried away by them this season from the
  salt-works).

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Carey on a discussion with a Brahman

• I inquired what I must do to be saved he said I
  must repeat the name of God a great many times.
  I replied, would you, if your son had offended
  you, be so pleased with him as to forgive him if
  he were to repeat the word father a thousand
  times? This might please children or fools, but
  God is wise. He told me that I must get faith I
  asked what faith was, to which he gave me no
  intelligible reply, but said I must obey God. I
  answered, what are his commands? What is His
  will? They said God was a great light, and as no
  one could see him, he became incarnate, under the
  threefold character of Brhumma, Bishno and Seeb,
  and that either of them must be worshipped in
  order to life. I told them of the sure Word of
  the Gospel and the way of life by Christ and
  night coming on, left them. I cannot tell what
  effect it may have, as I may never see them
  again.

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More

• I have so much knowledge of the language as to
  be able to preach to them for about half an hour,
  so as to be understood, but am not able to vary
  my subjects much. I tell them of the evil and
  universality of sin, the sins of a natural state,
  the justice of God, the incarnation of Christ,
  and his suffering in our stead, and of the
  necessity of conversion, holiness, and faith in
  order to salvation. They hear with attention in
  general, and some come to me for instruction in
  the things of God.
• I have a district of about twenty miles square,
  where I am continually going from village to
  village to publish the Gospel an in this space
  are about two hundred villages whose inhabitants
  from time to tiem hear the Word.

38
Carey on language difficulties

• Now I must mention some of the difficulties
  under which we labor, particularly myself. The
  language spoken by the natives of this part,
  though Bengali, is yet so different from the
  language itself, that, though I can preach an
  hour with tolerable freedom so as that all who
  speak the language wellperfectly understand me,
  yet the poor laboring people can understand but
  littleThey have no word for love, for repent,
  and a thousand other things, and every idea is
  expressed either by quaint phrases or tedious
  circumlocutions. A native who speaks the
  language well finds it a years work to obtain
  their idiom. This sometimes discourages me much
  but blessed be God, I feel a growing desire to be
  always abounding in the works of the Lord, and I
  know that my labor shall not be in vain in the
  Lord.

39
Careys first illness and loss of Peter

• When my child was ill, I was enabled to attend
  upon him night and day, though very dangerously
  ill myself, without much fatigue and now, I
  bless God that I feel a sweet resignation to his
  will. I know that he has wise ends to answer in
  all that he does, and that what he does is best
  and if his great and wise designs are
  accomplished, what does it signify if a poor worm
  feels a little inconvenience and pain, who
  deserves hell for his sins?

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Careys sufferings

• Daughters Ann and Luch also died (each at the age
  of 2)
• These deaths and the stress of the field caused
  Careys wife Dorothy to go insane. She died in
  1807.
• His oldest son Felix died in 1822.
• Careys second wife, Charlotte von Rumohr, died
  after 13 years of marriage (unparalleled
  happiness).
• Thus four of his seven children and two wives
  died on the field.
• Also a fire

41
Careys accomplishments

• 1799 more missionaries arrived
• 1800 Carey baptised his first convert
• By 1821 the missionaries had baptized 1400 new
  Christians

42
Other William Carey Quotes

• The future is as bright as the promises of God
• We have only to keep the end in view, and have
  our hearts thoroughly engaged in the pursuit of
  it, and means will not be very difficult
• The most glorious works of grace that have ever
  took place, have been in answer to prayer, and it
  is in this way, we have the greatest reason to
  suppose, that the glorious out-pouring of the
  Spirit, which we expect at last, will be
  bestowed.

43
Careys Self Assessment

• Late in his life, he told his son, If after my
  removal any one should think it worth his while
  to write my Life, I will give you a criterion by
  which you may judge of its correctness. If he
  give me credit for being a plodder he will
  describe me justly. I can plod. I can persevere
  in any definite pursuit. To this I owe
  everything.

44
Wilberforce to the House of Commons

• A sublimer thought cannot be conceived than when
  a poor cobbler formed the reolution to give to
  the millions of Hindoos the Bible in their own
  language.

45
From the book The Legacy of William Carey A
Model for the Transformation of a Culture

• Are all aspects of all cultures equally valid,
  deserving equal respect?  The relativists assert
  that no objective criterion exists to judge a
  culture or a moral choice.  Carey disagreed.
  (preface) 
• Carey made major, even foundational,
  contributions in botany, industry, economy,
  medical humanitarianism, print technology,
  agriculture, translation, education, astronomy,
  libraries, forest conservation, womens rights,
  public service, moral reform, and cultural
  transformation.  Carey was an evangelist who
  used every available medium to illumine every
  dark facet of Indian life with the light of
  truth.  As such, he is the central character in
  the story of Indias modernization.  (25)
• William Careys contributions to Indias
  modernization have not been adequately
  appreciated.  Sadly, some scholars even undermine
  them.  The process of Indias reform has already
  been halted, and in some important respects
  Indian society seems to be reverting to its old
  evils.  (71)
• (77)

46
More from The Legacy

• All the great social reformers in nineteenth
  century India accepted Careys belief that, in
  many cases, conversionor the change of ones
  character and false beliefswas the only
  effective means of social reform. (77)
• The significance of this principle can be
  illustrated with Careys battle against sati. 
  The objective fact, as far as Carey was
  concerned, was that a womans life was neither
  her own nor her husbands.  It was Gods.  And
  the Creator had not given us the right to violate
  His gift of life.  Suicide is sin because it
  considers a life valueless which is, in fact,
  precious to the Creator it sees a situation to
  be hopeless where God expects faith and
  patience. (109) This is counter to the current
  New Age belief that an individual is totally
  free to define his or her own reality.  (110)

47
Piper In Closing

• Many of the peoples of the world are without any
  indigenous Christian movement today. Christ is
  not enthroned there, his grace is unknown there,
  and people are perishing with no access to the
  gospel. Most of these hopeless peoples do not
  want you to come. At least they think they don't.
  They are hostile to Christian missions. Today
  this is the final frontier. And the Lord still
  says, "Behold, I am sending you out as sheep in
  the midst of wolves. . . . some of you they will
  put to death. You will be hated by all for my
  name's sake. But not a hair of your head will
  perish.
• Are you sure that God wants you to be a pastor in
  this comparatively church-saturated land? Or
  might he be calling you to fill up what is
  lacking in the sufferings of Christ, to fall like
  a grain of wheat into some distant ground and
  die, to hate your life in this world and so to
  keep it forever and bear much fruit?

48
Piper In Closing, cont

• Judson wrote to missionary candidates in 1832
• "Remember, a large proportion of those who come
  out on a mission to the East die within five
  years after leaving their native land. Walk
  softly, therefore death is narrowly watching
  your steps."27
• The question, brothers, is not whether we will
  die, but whether we will die in a way that bears
  much fruit.

49
Next Week

• William Carey and Missions

50
Adoniram Judson

• The

51
The Pain of Judson (Carey) illustrates

• Adoniram Judson some background
• While at Brown was being lured away from the
  faith by a fellow student Jacob Eames, a Deist.
  
• Broke news to parents on 20th birthday, broke
  their hearts
• For awhile he lived the life of a vagabond, then
• One night, at a random village innthe man in the
  next room lay dying, and in the morning was dead.
• Inquiring about it, Judson found out it was his
  friend Jacob Eames.
• "That hell should open in that country inn and
  snatch Jacob Eames, his dearest friend and guide,
  from the next bed - this could not, simply could
  not, be pure coincidence."

52
The Pain of Judson

• Judson lost two wives
• Never saw his parents again (was in Burma for 33
  years)
• Lost many of his children.
• Lost a brother, and colleagues
• Was imprisoned