PLI Project DI Khan Pakistan

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PLI Project DI Khan (Pakistan)
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Project for Livelihood Improvement

• Overall Goal
• Socio-Economic status of Disadvantaged
  communities enhanced.
• Objectives
• Coping strategies of poor communities
  strengthened to improve their livelihood with
  special reference to women..

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Two extreme conditions of the area

• Condition when there is no rain/ flood water.
• Condition when there is rain/ flood water

Area becomes inaccessible and difficult to get
out even in case of emergency
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Issues of Rodh Kohi area

• Seasonal Droughts. (12 droughts in last 50 years)
• Low and erratic rainfall. (135mm to 250mm)

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Continued.

• Soil erosion due to high intensity of flood.
• High maintenance cost of the flood irrigation
  system (Earthen Bund).

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Continued.

• Unavailability of drinking water for human
  livestock.
• Under ground water is saline
• Rules (Kuliyat Riwajat-e- Abapashi) are not
  followed.

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Water management issues

• Distribution and control system of flood water.
• Depth of water application/ No. of irrigation/
  season.

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Continued

• Uneven land leveling status.
• High sediments in flood irrigation channels
  (Rodh).

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Potential to address water issues.

• Efficient use of water for crop production and
  drinking purpose (Improvement in conveyance
  system).
• B. Strengthening of water users association for
  equitable distribution.
• Introduction of dry land farming technologies
  (incl. rain water harvesting etc) that improve
  production.

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Project interventions

• Water Ponds Rehabilitation for Human Livestock
  drinking purposes.
• Introduction of low cost sand filter at house
  hold level.

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Improvement in distribution and control of flood
water

• Improvement in water convenience system in
  collaboration with spate irrigation system
  project. (Diversion structure)
• Improvement in control of water at field in
  collaboration with spate irrigation system
  project. (field inlet)

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Continued..

• Rain Water Harvesting for trees/ crops production
  through artificial slopes.
• Homestead vegetable production and plantation
  through Pitcher irrigation techniques.

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Project other interventions

• Conducted a Study to review the Social aspect of
  the Rodh Kohi Irrigation system
• Conducted a study to evaluate water status in the
  system
• Study in progress to determine appropriate depth
  of water applied during the flood
• Testing the ponds storage capacity in relation to
  population and time

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Objectives Technical study

• To determine discharges of perennial and flood
  water of the selected Zam and Rodhs during flood
  season (July-September, 2004).
• To find the depth of irrigation water applied to
  each selected fields.
• To determine the depth of deposited sediment in
  the selected fields.

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Study Area
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Conclusions

• Flood water availability decreases from upstream
  to down stream in both Zam, farmers at downstream
  gets water twice out of ten years.
• About 84 of the respondents mentioned that the
  amount of flood water availability has decreased
  during the past ten years.
• In project area 67 percent of the total
  respondents received Rodh-Kohi water last
  year(2003), while that year(2004) 79 got flood
  water.

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• Due to limited water supply the cropping
  intensity is very low (single crop).
• The yield of crops at downstream of the Rodh is
  relatively low as compared to the upstream due to
  limited water availability.
• For perennial (Kala Pani) stream water
  management the organization set up is strong as
  compared to flood water management.
• In general there exists an informal Water Users
  Association for management of flood water but has
  weaken with time especially at the downstream of
  the Rodh due to unreliable flood water
  availability

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• Average depth of flood water applied by farmers
  ranges from 40 to 80 cm, due to large and
  unleveled fields the depth of water is relatively
  more than required.
• Average depth of deposited sediment in the field
  ranges from about 2 to 3.5 cm per flood.
• Infiltration rate of water in fields ranges from
  0.2 to 1.2 mm /hr, which is relatively low and
  water stands in the fields for longer period and
  significant amount of water lost in evaporates.

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• About two-third of the respondents reported that
  water distribution laws are followed.
• Most of the respondents mentioned that the
  Rodh-Kohi system should be improved by improving
  the conveyance system.
• Sixty-one percent of total respondents replied
  that they attend regular WUAs meetings which
  shows that people in this part of project area
  are more keen to involve themselves in the system
  improvement and important decision-making
  regarding efficient use of water.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• Mobilizations and Capacity Building of
  Communities for Management of irrigation system
  should be encouraged.
• Integrated approach for the identification,
  planning, and implementation of interventions
  should be explored bu involving different
  stakeholders.
• Water harvesting through catchments improvements,
  ponds and other structures at cost effective way
  for solving drinking water problems in Rodh Kohi
  area should be explored.
• Low cost water management structures for control
  of flood water should be developed at field as
  well as Gundi/Sod level.

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• Community participation, mobilization and their
  capacity building should be ensured for equitable
  water distribution.
• Old ponds at tail of Rodhs should be
  rehabilitated and their capacity should be
  enhanced for steady water supply.
• Communities should be mobilized and organized
  first at village then to gundi / sod level and
  later should be extended to Rodh as well as Zam
  level for overall equitable water distribution.
• For increasing crops yield and moisture
  conservation some agronomic interventions like
  deep tillage, improved seed etc be tested through
  farmer centered approaches.

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Lessons learnt

• People centered demand driven approaches work
  successfully.
• Poor Peoples are a potential to work with, not a
  problem.

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Prepared by Munawar Khattak PLI South