Imperialism

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Imperialism

• Carving the African Cake

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Before the Europeans came..

• Ethnic and linguistic groups
• Large empires and small villages
• Africans controlled trade
• Gold, ivory, people

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Were Europeans on the continent at all?

• Slave trade (to the western hemisphere)

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Europeans

• Explorers
• Slave traders
• Missionaries
• Humanitarians

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David Livingstone

• Minister
• Went to Central Africa (looking for the Nile)
• Disappeared for 11 years
• Henry Stanley found him

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The Belgian Congo

• 1879
• 80 times larger than Belgium
• Rubber plants
• Severe forced labor

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Motives

• Belief in European superiority
• Military might
• Maxim gun
• Economics
• Cash crops
• Modern medicine
• quinine

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Economic motives

• Raw materials
• Minerals
• Crops

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Social Motives

• Tame the barbarians
• Racial superiority
• Social Darwinism those who are the wealthiest
  and strongest are superior to othersHow does
  this apply to Africa?

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Cecil Rhodes

• Wealthy businessman
• Believed in racial supremacy
• Wanted a British Empire in Africa

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Missionaries

• Christianize
• civilize
• westernize

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Why were they able to imperialize?

• Technology
• Weapons
• Modes of travel
• Quinine

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Why were they able to imperialize?

• Non-unity among Africans
• Languages
• Cultures
• Warfare

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The Scramble

• All Europeans wanted a piece of Africa
• Go to war?
• Had a conference instead

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The Berlin Conference

• 14 countries
• Claim the land
• Control the area
• 1884 - Africa was divided
• Except Liberia Ethiopia

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What impact did this have on the African people?
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Effects
Negatives
Positives

• Lost land and independence
• Smallpox
• Famine because of cash crops
• Breakdown of traditional culture
• Division of the African continent created
  artificial boundaries

• Sanitation
• Hospitals
• Literacy
• New languages