Beyond 3G v's 4G

1
Beyond 3G v.s 4G

• Yean-Fu Wen
• 2002/06/06

2
Outline

• Introduction
• The When and Why of Beyond 3G
• The What of Beyond 3G
• Technology Issues
• Visions of 4G
• 4G research topics
• 4G Research challenges
• ???????B3G?????

3
Introduction

• Evolution of cellular systems

GSM
GPRS, EDGE
UMTS
4
Introduction

• Todays mobile cellular communication scenario

5
Introduction

• Provide high-speed access to information
  regardless of location.

6
Introduction

• Several major technological transitions occurred
  between 1G?3G
• High volume speech services to high volume/high
  speed data services
• Only circuit mode to circuitpacket mode
  transmission
• Isolated networks to interworking between
  networks.

7
Introduction

• 3G is to provide multimedia multirate mobile
  communications anytime and anywhere
• ?meet with cellular mobile radio only
• 3G Services
• Send/receive e-mail
• Internet browsing (information)
• On-line transactions (e-business)
• Location-dependent information
• Company database access
• Large-file transfer

8
Introduction

• Convergence of the Internet and mobile
  communication system will offer ubiquitous
  connectivity to IP services.

9
Introduction

• Limitations of 3G
• Extension to higher data rates is difficult with
  CDMA due to excessive interference between
  services.
• It is difficult to provide a full range of
  multirate services? not a fully integrated
  system.

10
Introduction

• Whether the new system should be fully
  standardized.? different ethics, culture and
  value
• Spectrum refarming between broadcast and cellular
  communication services must be considered
• Policies need to be drawn up for accounting and
  billing of service provided over a variety of
  access networks.

11
Introduction

• Key drivers to B3G or 4G
• A multitude of diverse devices
• Predominance of machine-to-machine communications
• Location-dependent and e-business application
• The extension of IP protocols to mobility and
  range of QoS
• Privacy and security
• Dynamic networking and air-interfaces
• Improved and dynamic spectrum usage.

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The When and Why of Beyond 3G

• The standardization, introduction and evolution
  of GSM and UMTS have clearly shown? 10 years for
  each new generation technology
• UMTS is being introduced at the same time as
  GSM/EDGE are continuing to progress
• Progressive introduction of EDGE and UMTS, and
  addition of packet mode transmission

13
The When and Why of Beyond 3G

• All these advances have resulted from the
  network centric and technology centric
  approaches adopted by the cellular industry. fig
• The time has come to start looking Beyond 3G
• The technology and service perspectives of 4G and
  regulatory aspects
• The network centric evolution should be
  complemented by a user centric service
  implementation scenario.

14
The When and Why of Beyond 3G
15
The What of Beyond 3G

• Current? seamless person to person
  communication and access to voice, data and some
  multimedia services.
• Future?
• Extend person to person to include person to
  machine and machine to machine
• next page show? appliance to appliance
• Availability of intelligent spaces? PAN of
  intelligent appliances.

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The What of Beyond 3G

• Residential environment

• Conference room application

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The What of Beyond 3G

• Future? (cont.)
• Ubiquitous connectivity to real-time and
  transactional services, multimedia services.
• Wireless access to location-based and
  context-related information for work and leisure.
• It is called B3G, not 4G, why?
• ????3G????(UMTS)??????????????,?All-IP core
  network,OSA(Open Service Architecture)?IPv6
• ?????????????3G???????B3G????? (??? )

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The What of Beyond 3G

• Technologies
• Direct Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and Digital Video
  Broadcasting (DVB) for wide area broadcasting.
• GSM, CDMA1, IS-136 and WCDMA fore wide area
  cellular networks
• Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) and
  Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
  for fixed wireless access.
• IEEE 802.11, 11b, 11a and HIPERLAN2 for WLAN
• Bluetooth for short range communications and PAN
  implementation.

All technologies access Internet services
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The What of Beyond 3G
Range of operation of different wireless
technologies
20
The What of Beyond 3G

• B3G solutions in this varied environment must
  provide
• Ubiquitous connectivity of/for slow and fast
  moving users
• Based on a common Internet Protocol (IP) core
  network interworking with multiple access
  network for broadcast, wide area cellular and
  short range communications.
• Network centric and user centric view should
  be duly considered.

21
Technology Issues

• Protocol mechanisms have to be designed to allow
  ad hoc networking between appliances with varying
  capabilities.
• The advantage of mobility offered by wireless is
  somewhat circumvented by additional security
  problems
• Implementation of horizontal handover and
  vertical handover is essential to provide
  seamless connectivity for multi-mode mobile
  appliances.? QoS

22
Technology Issues

• IP protocols will need to be enhanced to meet
  expectations of wireless system designers.
• It is difficult to manage the interaction between
  the mechanisms for radio resource management?
  scalability problems
• To develop cost-effective radio technologies in
  these frequency bands.

23
Technology Issues

• Need for flexible, simple to extend,
  multi-platform software architectures.
• System- and application-related
  considerations, and the middleware of user
  appliances all contribute to the complexity of
  this problem.
• Efficient and cost-effective solutions for power
  generation in portable appliances are essential.

24
Visions of 4G

• 4G will extend to an all-IP network (accesscore)
  that integrates broadcast, cellular, cordless,
  WLAN, short-range systems and fixed wire
• The vision is of integration across these
  network--air interfaces and of a variety of radio
  environments on a common, flexible and expandable
  platforma network of networks with distinctive
  radio access connected to a seamless IP-based
  core network

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Visions of 4G

• Seamless connection of networks

Source http//www.ntpo.nsc.gov.tw/project_inf/let
ter34/b2.html
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Visions of 4G

• Vision of 4G for 2010 based around 5 elements
• Fully converged services
• Ubiquitous mobile access
• Diverse user devices
• Autonomous networks
• Software dependency

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Visions of 4G

• the functions contained
• A connection layer between the radio access and
  the IP core including mobility management
• Internetworking between access schemes inter and
  intra system, handover, QoS negotiations,
  security and mobility
• Ability to interface with a range of new and
  existing radio interfaces.
• ?need to provide global roaming across all layers

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Visions of 4G

• Need to provide global roaming access all layers

29
Visions of 4G
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4G research topics

• Networks and services
• Evolved IP protocols for mobile systems
• Ad hoc networking
• Resource management for multimedia mobile systems
• Mobility management in all-IP networks
• Network dimensioning for multimedia, multirate
  systems

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4G research topics

• Software based system
• Mobile middleware to support resource management,
  reconfiguration and service demands
• Software networks and radio
• Software agents
• Distributed mobile management systems
• Integrity and security mechanisms.

32
4G research topics

• Wireless access
• Flexible and reconfigurable radio architectures
• Self planning and dynamically reconfigurable
  access
• Intelligent and co-operative capacity enhancement
• Dynamic spectrum allocation
• Resource metric estimation
• HAPS and satellite integration.

33
4G Research challenges

• Networks and services
• Both vertical and horizontal handover between
  different access schemes will be available to
  provide seamless service and QoS
• Network reconfigurability
• Protocol stacks
• Programmability of network nodes
• Base stations
• Terminals
• distributed reconfiguration control
• Need a middleware layer

34
4G Research challenges

• Internal External reconfiguration

35
4G Research challenges

• Networks and services

36
4G Research challenges

• Software systems
• Naming, addressing and location
• Web service model (XML)
• IBM, Microsoft
• Killer application? PMA (Personal Mobile
  Assistant )? mobility
• Distributed management tools

37
4G Research challenges

• Wireless access
• Different radio environments
• Adaptive reconfigurabilityalgorithms
• Spectral efficiencyair interface design and
  allocation of bandwidth
• Environment coverageall pervasive
• Softwarefor the radio and the network access
• Technologyembedded/wearable/low-power/high
  communication time/displays

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Conclusion
Integration
PS. B3G or 4G Vision is a living document
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Reference

• V. Kumar, Wireless Communications Beyond 3G,
  Alcatel Telecommunications Review-1 Quarter
  2001, pp. 28-32
• Raymond Steele, Beyond 3G, IEEE, 2000, pp. 1-7
• Evans, B.G. Baughan, K.Visions of 4G
  Electronics Communication Engineering Journal
  , Volume 12 Issue 6 , Dec. 2000 pp. 293 -303
• http//www.ntpo.nsc.gov.tw/B3G/B3G_0.htm

40
???????

• ????????B3G????,??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ??????
• ????????????(Wireless Personal Area Network,
  WPAN)???????(Wireless Local Area Networks,
  WLAN)?????????????????????/???? (fixed access)
  ????

41
???????

• ????????????????????????????????????????B3G???????
  ?
• ???????????????????????????????(??????????????????
  ????) ????
• ???????????
• (1)????????????????,
• (2)???????????????
• (3) Ad Hoc ?????

42
???????

• ?????????
• ??????/CDMA/OFDM??(adaptive multicarrier/ CDMA/
  Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing),
• ????????????(turbo codes)????(space-time
  codes)?Redundant Residue Number System (RRNS)
  Codes ?,
• ?????????????,???????,??????,???CDMA?????,??????(B
  ody Area Network, BNA),?????? (link
  adaptation)???????(High-Altitude Platform
  Stations, HAPS)??

43
???????

• ??????(Mobile Core Networks)
• ????????????????????????????????
• IP??(IPv6)????????????

44
???????

• ??????? (Network Applications and Services)
• ?????????????,?????????????????????,???????B3G????
  ???????????,??????????????
• ?????????????,?????????,???IP???,???????,????,????
  ??????????????

45
???????

• ?????? (B3G Related Components)
• B3G???????????????,??????????????????
• ???????????,?????????????????????????(last mile
  access),???????????????DWDM 10-40
  Gbps????????,??????????????????????

46
???????

• ???? (B3G Standard Activities)
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????????????

47
B3G??????????????
???????
(Coverage Planning, Interference Measurement
and Performance Evaluation of Wireless LANs as
B3G Radio Access Networks)
?????
??????????
48
????

• ??????IEEE 802.11Wireless LAN???????B3G?????????
  ??????? ?
• ????????,???????????????
• ?????????????????????,?????????????????
• ???????????,??????????????????????
  ,??????????????????????????????????????????,????Tr
  y-and-err ????????

49
????

• ?????????????????,?????????????????Design/Deploym
  ent Rule or Guidelines,????????????,??????????????
  ????????
• ?????????????????????????,????????????????????

50
????????
????????

• ????IEEE 802.11b?????????????????????
• ??????,????????????????????,???????Throughput????
  ?????????
• ???????IEEE 802.11b??????????????
• ???????????????,??????????????Throughput?????Hando
  ff ???????????????????????

51
????????

• ??IEEE 802.11b????2.4GHz ISM???????????????,?????
  ?????????
• ?????????IEEE 802.11b??????????????
• ?????RTS/CTS_threshold??,????????????????????Thro
  ughput????,?????????,???????,??????????

52
??????

• ??????????IEEE 802.11b???????????????????
• ???????,????????????????????????????,??IEEE
  802.11b?????????????,?????????????????????????????
  ?
• ???????,?????????,??IEEE 802.11b?????????????????
  ???
• ??IEEE 802.11b????2.4GHz ISM?????????????????,???
  ?????????????????????????
• ??IEEE 802.11b???????.