HiEd Briefing for Course Developers

1
Emergency Management Institute
Overview of FEMA Emergency Management Higher
Education Project Workshop on Educational
Paradigms for Homeland Security The National
Academies, Washington, DC, April 26, 2004 B.
Wayne Blanchard, Ph.D., CEM, [phone]
wayne.blanchard_at_dhs.gov, http//training.fema.gov/
EMIWeb/edu

2
1995 Context for EM HiEd Project

• New Hazards Y-2K, Terrorism, Tech?
• Greater Hazard Frequency and Intensity
• Growing Societal Vulnerability
• Escalating Costs Double -Triple Per Decade
• No Light At The End Of The Tunnel, i.e.,
• Disasters Are A Growth Business
• Saw Need For More Professional EM Cadre

3
Summary of Desired Evolution of Emergency
Management

• From
• No Degree
• Hazards Focus
• Lone Ranger
• Response Mgmt.
• Reactive
• Not Diverse
• 2nd or 3rd Career
• Anybody Can Do It

• TO
• Minimum of BA/BS
• Vulnerability Focus
• Integrator
• Risk Management
• Proactive
• Diverse
• Career of 1st Choice
• Credentials

4
Things Needed (Need) To Change

• Paradigm Shift? -- A matter not of making minor
  corrections, but of adjusting to a major
  conceptual revolution.
• Or We must modernize the EM house, but save
  the foundation.
• The time has come for a new national approach to
  natural hazards. (Congressional Natural Hazards
  Caucus, January, 2001)
• Human history becomes more and more a race
  between education and catastrophe. (H.G. Wells)

5
Goals EMI Higher Education Project

• Increase Collegiate Study of Hazards,
• Disasters, and What To Do About Them
• Enhance EM Professionalism
• Support Development of Discipline of Emergency
  Management
• Strategic Contribution to Better Hazards Footing

6
Emergency Management Programs - 1995

• University of North Texas (BS)
• Thomas Edison University (BS)
• Rochester Institute of Technology (BS)
• UCLA Continuing Ed Certificate Pgm.
• University of Wisconsin Diploma Pgm.

7
Emergency Management College Programs by Year
UNT - Univ. of No. Texas RIT Rochester Inst.
Of Tech. TESC Thomas Edison State College WISC
Univ. of WI Madison
UNT--
UC--
RIT--
Berk--
Project -- Begins
Wisc--
TESC--
8
Emergency Management Collegiate Programs - 2004

• 111 College Emergency Mgmt.Programs
• 47 Certificates, Minors, Diplomas
• 19 Associate Degrees
• 11 Bachelor Degrees
• 27 Masters-Level Programs
• 7 Doctoral-Level Programs
• 45 Under Development or Investigation

9
Map of US Showing Status of EM College Programs
by State
Emer. Mgmt. Program in Place
Related Emer. Mgmt. Program
Proposed Emer. Mgmt. Program
No Program
10
Projected Collegiate Program Growth

• 98 Programs Under Investigation/Development
• 31 at Associate Level
• 35 at Bachelor Level
• 32 at Graduate Level

11
Homeland Security andInternational Disaster
Management Humanitarian Assistance Programs

• 25 Homeland Security (HS), Homeland
• Defense,Terrorism, and Critical
• Infrastructure Protection Programs
  
• 9 at AD Level, 10 at BA/S Level, 6 at MA
  Level
• 11 HS Programs Under Development, or
• Investigation
• 9 International Disaster Management
• Humanitarian Assistance Programs

12
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• The Crisis and Disaster Management Program has
  steadily grown to the point that it is now the
  2nd largest in the home department. (Dianna
  Havner Bryant, CMSU, April 2003)
• The MPA EM Concentration program was overwhelmed
  this year had to turn students away more in
  queue for next semester. (Bill Waugh, GSU,
  April 2003)

13
AudiencesGoal Enhance EM Profession

• Typical College Students
• Juniors and Seniors
• Upon Graduation-- Enter EM Profession
• Upon Graduation Enter Other Professions
• Public, Private, and Volunteer Sectors
• Practitioners
• Enhance Professionalism
• Affiliated Practitioners
• Want to Enter the Field
• Want Advancement/Knowledge Expansion

14
Select EM HiEd Project Activities

• Maintenance of The College List
• Compilation of EM Course Syllabi
• Emergency Management Competencies
• Development of College Courses and Books
• Activity Reports
• Annual EM HiEd Conference at EMI
• Next Conference June 8-10, 2004 (Emmitsburg, MD)

15
Types of HiEd Project ActivitiesCourses for
Colleges

• Associate Degree Level
• EM and HS-Related Training Courses
• Bachelor Degree Level
• Contract Developed--Upper Division Level
• Graduate Level
• Modify Upper Division Courses
• Contract Developed

16
EM HiEd Project CoursesGoal 2 College and
University Support

• Mostly Upper Division, Class-Room Based
• Modifiable to Lower Division, Graduate
• Developed via Contract by Academics
• Academic Education, Not Advanced Training
• Ready-To-Teach
• More Than Can Be Taught in Semester

17
Courses Developed (15)Goal 2 College and
University Support

• Building Disaster Resilient Communities
• Business and Industry Crisis Management
• Hazards Mitigation Principles and Practice
• Hazards Risk Management
• Individual and Community Disaster Education
• New Directions in Natural Hazards Mitigation
  (Graduate Course)
• Political Policy Basis of Emergency Management
• Public Administration and Emergency Management

18
Courses Developed (Cont)Goal 2 College and
University Support

• Research Analysis Methods in Emergency
  Management
• Social Dimensions of Disaster, 2nd Edition
• Social Vulnerability Approach to Disasters
• Sociology of Disaster
• Technology and Emergency Mgmt.
• Terrorism and Emergency Management
• Tourism, Travel and Hospitality Mgmt. Industries
  and Emergency Management

19
Courses Under Development (8)Goal 2 College
and University Support

• Coastal Hazards Management (Graduate Course)
• Disaster Response Operations Management
• Earthquake Hazard and Emergency Management
• Floodplain Management (Graduate Course)
• Hazards Mapping and Modeling
• Introduction to Hazards, Disasters and U.S. EM
  (Course and Textbook)
• Sustainable (Holistic) Disaster Recovery
• Terrorism and Homeland Security Short Course

20
Course Development Suggestions Goal 2 College
and University Support

• Communicating Risk Social Marketing in
  Hazards/EM
• Economic Issues In Emergency Management
• Hazard, Disaster, Emergency Management Planning
• Hazards Engineering for Non-Engineers
• Legal Basis for and Legal and Ethical Issues in
  EM
• Politics of Disaster
• Theory of Emergency Management

21
Course DistributionGoal 2 College and
University Support

• Via Internet http//training.fema.gov/emiweb/edu
  
• Go to Free College Courses and
• AD-Level EM and Homeland Security-Related
  Training Courses
• CD ROM
• Via National Technical Info. Service (Dept. of
  Commerce)

22
Desired HiEd Contribution

• To meet EM responsibilities nationwide, a cadre
  of professionals is required at every level of
  government and within the private sector which
  can bring to an organizational management team
  requisite knowledge-based competencies
  (education) and skills-based personal,
  managerial, and operational competencies
  (training and education).

23
Bottom Line

• A person who can articulate
• A persuasive and defendable case
• For disaster prevention and reduction
• To top elected and appointed officials.

24
Future EM Professional Development Issues

• Risk-Based Emergency Mgmt. Foundation
• Building Disaster Resilient Communities Focus
• Gaining Recognition
• Overcoming Resistance to Change
• Homeland Security Pull
• Emergency Services Orientation (1st Responders),
  meaning Reactive, Response Oriented
• Security and Public Safety Focus
• Follow the Money
• Ready for Virtually Inevitable Natural
  Catastrophe?

25
Background Slides for Additional Information
26
Background Context for EM HiEd Project -- 1995

• Reaction to Criticisms and Weaknesses
• Hugo, Andrew, Loma Prieta
• EMI To Focus on Functional Training
• Seek to Leverage Higher Education
• Recognition That All Was Not Well

27
Fast Forward to Hazards Context of Today

• We Build in Floodplains
• We Destroy Wetlands
• We Build Along Earthquake Faults
• We Build On The Coast
• We Try to Control Nature
• We Dont Build, Zone, Code, Inspect and Enforce
  Appropriately Enough
• Thus Disasters are a Growth Business

28
Then and Now

• In Large Measure Knew/Know What To Do
• Past and Current Practices Not Effective Enough
• Need Professional Emergency Management Cadre
  Better Positioned for 21st Century Environment

29
Emergency Manager Stereotype The Way of the Past

• Not College Educated (4-year Degree)
• White, Middle to Late Middle-Aged Male
• Emergency Mgmt. is 2nd or 3rd Career
• Job Obtained Other Than With EM Competencies
• Spends E.M. Career In One Jurisdiction
• Disaster Response Planning Oriented
• Reactive, Command and Control Style, Bureaucratic
• Works Primarily With Emergency Services

30
Emergency Manager Stereotype Goal Enhance EM
Profession

• Works in Isolation from Community Served
• Plans FOR JurisdictionResponse Planning
• Minimal Access to Top Decision-Makers
• Has Not Done a Risk Assessment
• Has Not Done a Mitigation Plan
• Has Not Done a Strategic Plan
• Has Not Joined EM Professional Association
• Doesnt Read Disaster Research Literature
• Resistant to Change

31
Emer.Mgr. Stereotype (Cont)Goal Enhance EM
Profession

• Knowledge Base
• Experiential (Learns on the Job)
• Consensus (Others who Learned on Job)
• Past Practice
• Frequently Wears Other Hats
• Or Is The Other Hat (e.g. Fire Dept. First)
• Not Well Paid or Funded
• Many Part-Time Volunteer Positions

32
New Generation Emergency ManagersGoal Enhance
EM Profession

• College Educated--Many With EM Degrees
• More Professional and Knowledgeable
• Knowledge Base Science and Research
• Technologically More Capable/Adept
• Younger
• More Diverse and Culturally Sensitive
• Emergency Mgmt. Career of 1st Choice

33
New Generation Emergency ManagersGoal Enhance
EM Profession (Cont)

• Risk-Based Approach to Emergency Management
• Building Disaster Resilient Communities Focus
• I.E., A Catalyst for a Safer America
• Emphasizes Social Vulnerability Reduction
• Programmatically Rooted in E.M. Fundamentals
• Comprehensive Emergency Management (i.e.,
  All-Hazards, All Phases of Disaster Cycle, All
  Actors/Stakeholder/Players)
• Practices Horizontal and Vertical Integration
• An Executive Manager, Facilitator, Networker,
  Partner,

34
New Generation Emergency ManagersGoal Enhance
EM Profession (Cont)

• Does Strategic Planning
• Plans With Jurisdictional Stakeholders
• Partnering and Networking
• Proactive
• Life-Long Learner--Reads Disaster Literature
• Joins Professional Associations
• Better Paid
• Better Funding for E.M. Programs
• Upwardly and Geographically Mobile
• Broader Range of Working Contacts

35
Broader Range of Working ContactsGoal Enhance
EM Profession

• Elected and Appointed Officials
• Economic Development Commissions
• Planning and Zoning Boards/Commissions
• Risk Managers
• Building Departments and Code Enforcement
• Developers -- Business Community in General
• Natural Resources/EPA Organizations
• Storm Water and Floodplain Managers
• Academia and Professional Organizations
• Community Based Organizations

36
Role of Academia

• Generate Knowledge
• Science Technology, Communicating Risk
• Hazards Public Policy Implementation
• Social Researche.g. on Mass Behavior Change
• Redefine ScholarshipApplied Research,
  Professional Service
• Organize and Systematize Knowledge
• Transfer Knowledge e.g. Students, Stakeholders
• Other Academics -- Break out of Disciplinary
  Straightjackets
• Become Hazards Knowledge Hub
• Advocacy e.g., Culture of Disaster Prevention
• Community Service Engage with Local Community
• Set Positive Example Walk The Talk
• Foster Change--Leader in Disaster Prevention
  Enculturation

37
21st Century EM Core Competencies

• Personal and Interpersonal Skills Competencies
• Communication, Marketing, People-Person
• Networking, Partnering, Negotiating
• Bureaucratic, Organizational, Political KSAs
• Management Skills Competencies
• People, Programs, Money, Resources
• Problem Solving, Critical Thinking, Planning
• Knowledge Competencies
• Theory, Principles and Fundamentals of Hazards,
  Disasters, Risk and Emergency Management
• Legal/Ethical, Social, Economic, Ecological
  Dimensions
• Technological Tools, e.g., Mapping and Modeling
• Research, Analysis, Evaluation Tools and Methods

38
HiEd Project Activities Goal 2 College
University Support (Cont)

• Proposals Compendium
• Practitioners Corner
• Service Learning
• Intern Opportunities
• Learning Resource Center Access
• Letters of Support and Consultation
• Partnerships

39
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• EAM program going very well 70 of 74 graduates
  landed EM-relevant jobs- 38 to 42K range.
  (Mary Ann Rollans, ATU, March 2003)
• JSU is averaging 30 new graduate EM students per
  semester. (Brenda Phillips, Feb. 2003)
• EM Certificate going so well were adding an AD.
  (Don Beckering, Hennipin TC, March 2003)

40
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• Over the past four years we have seen our
  student population nearly double
• 185 declared majors, and our credit hour
  production more than triplewe are contemplating
  putting a cap on enrollment. (Dr. David
  McEntire, University of North Texas, March 2004)

41
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• Doubled the size of our program in one-year from
  two cohorts to four and added two new
  certificates.
• Growing from one certificate to a
  multi-disciplinary program with a BSDM, MSDM and
  DrPH-DM by August 2005. (Craig Marks, Director,
  Disaster Management Program, University of North
  Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 12, 2004)

42
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• The B.S. in Emergency Management is one of the
  fastest growing four year degrees at the
  University of Akron.
• (Drs. David Hoover and Nancy Grant, Co-Directors,
  Center for Emergency Management and Homeland
  Security Policy Research, University of Akron,
  Ohio, March 15, 2004)

43
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• Our MPA EM Concentration is growing steadily and
  more students in our nonprofit administration
  concentration are choosing to earn the graduate
  certificate in disaster management at the same
  time. We are also getting more applications for
  the PhD in public policy program with a
  concentration in disaster management. (Dr.
  William Waugh, Jr. , Dept. of Public
  Administration, Georgia State University, March
  16, 2004)

44
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• Graduate enrollment in the Emergency/Disaster
  Management EDM program has increased by 28 in
  the last five months to 72 students.
  Under-graduate enrollmenthas increased by 54to
  111 students.
• Graduate enrollment in our Homeland Security HS
  program has increased 58to 271 students.
  Undergraduate enrollmenthas increased by 32to
  303 students. (Robert Jaffin, Chair, Public
  Sector and Critical Infrastructure Studies Dept.,
  American Public University System, March 16, 2004)

45
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• Disaster Managers A New Profession in Turkey
  through the ITU Graduate Degree Program! A
  vision became a reality.
• All 13 Graduates were placed in high level
  government and private sector disaster management
  positions.
• Applications for the upcoming program have
  increased 4-fold. (Dr. Derin Ural, Director,
  Disaster Management Program, Istanbul Technical
  University, Turkey, March 18, 2004)

46
Programs Growing In Size As Well As Numbers

• The Master of Science graduate degree in Fire
  Emergency Management Administration at Oklahoma
  State University continues to grow. It is now
  the second largest of 19 master degree programs
  in the College of Arts Sciences at OSU. We are
  expecting more than a 40 enrollment increase in
  our courses by the end of this academic year
  (Dr. Anthony Brown, Professor and Director, Fire
  Emergency Management Program, Dept. of
  Political Science, OSU, April 12, 2004)

47
State Map Break-Out

• 37 States Have Emergency Mgmt. Programs
• 7 States Are Investigating EM Programs
• 2 States Have EM-Related Programs
• BI Loss Prevention, Safety Management
• Emergency Services
• Environmental Studies, Science, Technology
• 4 States Have No EM or Related Program
• (Maine, Montana, Nebraska, Vermont)
• DC Puerto Rico Have Emer. Mgmt. Pgms.

48
Summary of Programs on the FEMA College List

• 111 Emergency Management Programs
• 25 Homeland Security Programs
• 9 International Humanitarian Assistance
• Under Investigation or Development
• 100 Emergency Management Programs
• 11 Homeland Security Programs

49
Breakout of Homeland Security Programs

• Masters Level -- 6
• Bachelors Level -- 10
• Associate Level -- 9

50
Problems/Challenges Schools With EM
Certificates/Degrees Report

• Academic qualifications of students
• Academic recognition
• Administrative and public support/recognition
• Career counseling/placement
• Change, keeping up with tech. policy change
• Curriculum -- Need broad, solid and full
  curricula
• Distance Learning Arrangements

51
Problems/Challenges Schools With EM
Certificates/Degrees Report

• Faculty -- recruiting qualified faculty
• Funding -- program/course development, staff,
  research
• Marketing
• Program Growth Pains
• Recruitment/Practitioner lack of interest
• Teaching
• Theory/practice balance
• Making it interesting
• Textbooks/Readings

52
Future Emergency Management Higher Education
Project Issues

• One position supported by part-time student
• Small Budget (Less than 200K, FY 2003)
• Budget Decreasing (25 cut, FY 2004 EM HiEd
  Contribution to FEMA tax to DHS)
• Programs growing in numbers, size, needs
• Nearing Retirement