A Girls World is Different

1
A Girls World is Different

• Maria-Elena Ochoa
• Director, Division for Women
• Governor Brewers Office for Children, Youth and
  Families

2
Sharing

• Perspective
• Information

3
Challenges Facing Women and Girls

• Wage Disparities
• Poverty
• Teen Dating Violence
• Domestic Violence Shelters in Arizona
• Suicide
• Heart Disease

4
Gap between Men and Womens Wages

• 46 years ago, President Kennedy signed the Equal
  Pay Act (EPA) into law
• Illegal for employers to pay unequal wages to men
  and women for equal work
• There is still a substantial gap between mens
  and womens wages.

Source Business and Professional Womens
Foundation
5
Then and Now

• 1963 women working FT were paid 59 cents for a
  dollar paid to men.
• 2007 women working FT were paid 78 cents to the
  dollar received by men.
• For the last 45 years, the wage gap has narrowed
  by less than half of a penny per year.

Source National Organization of Women
6
For women of color, the gap is even worse

• .71 for African American women
• .58 for Latinas.

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Lifetime Losses The Career Wage Gap
Source Center for American Progress Action Fund
8
If women were paid the same as men

• who work the same number of hours,
• have the same education and union status,
• are the same age, and
• live in the same region of the country
• Annual income would go up by 4,000
• Nationally, working families annual income would
  go up by 200 billion

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If women were paid the same as men

• Married women
• family incomes go up by 6
• families' poverty rates go down from 2.1 to 0.8
  
• Single working moms
• family incomes go up by 17
• poverty rates would be cut in half, from 25.3 to
  12.6
• Single women
• incomes go up by 13.4
• poverty rates go down from 6.3 to 1

Source AFL/CIO
10
Equal Pay in Arizona

• In 2000, Arizonas working women earned 83.8 as
  much per hour as men,
• Arizona ranked 16th among all states in progress
  in closing the hourly wage gap.
• ? Why? Wages for men grew by 0.4 over the
  decade, compared with 9.1 wage growth for women.
• ? At the current rate working women in Arizona
  have equal pay by 2023.
• Nationwide, women wont achieve equal pay until
  after 2050.

Source AFL/CIO
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Women of Color

• Black women account for 30 of all female-headed
  families with a median income of 18,244
  annually.
• Families headed by white males have a median
  income of 39,240.
• Black women's median weekly pay was 64 of the
  earnings of white men.
• Average black woman earns 12,000 less than the
  average white man does.
• Over a 35-year career, this adds up to 420,000!
• Black women with a Bachelors' make only 1,545
  more per year than white males who have only
  completed high school.

SourcesU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Commerce,
Census Bureau
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Women of Color

• Hispanic womens median wkly pay 52 of the
  median earnings of white men.
• Average Hispanic woman earns 17,837 less than
  the average white man does.
• Over a 30-year career, that adds up to 510,000!
• Hispanic women with a high school diploma earn
  22,469
• 33 less than white men with the same level of
  education.
• Heads of Household The median income of Latina
  female headed families is only 46 of the incomes
  of single white male householders.

SourcesU.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of
Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Commerce,
Census Bureau.
13
Closing the Gap

• On January 29, 2009 President Obama signed the
  Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act into law, making it
  the first legislation of his administration.

• Source National Committee on Pay Equity

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History

• Lilly Ledbetter, one of the few female
  supervisors at the Goodyear plant in Gadsden,
  Alabama, was earning 20 less than the lowest
  paid man in the same position when she filed a
  complaint with EEOC.
• Lower court rulings supported her claim and
  awarded her damages
• The Supreme Court held that her claim was not
  filed within 180 days of Goodyears initial
  discriminatory pay decision and therefore was not
  valid.
• The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act reverses the
  effect of the Supreme Court decision and
  reinstates the previous standard that each
  discriminatory paycheck is a violation of law.

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POVERTY Definitions

• There are two ways to measure poverty.
• Income poverty (Traditional definition of
  poverty in America)
• The Federal Register tabulates the 2008 Federal
  Poverty Level for a family of 4 at 21,200
• Asset poverty Not having enough net worth to
  live at the poverty level for 3 months in case of
  income loss.

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Poverty in Arizona

• 24.5 of Arizonas population lives in poverty.
• Source 2007 American Community Survey 1-year
  estimates
• Over 26.1 of households live in Asset Poverty.
• Source 2007-2008 CFED Assets and Opportunity
  Scorecard

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We have to start talking about (Poverty) as a
womans issue Jodi Liggett

• Arizona is 37th in the country for women above
  the poverty line.
• In Arizona, single-mother families made up half
  of all families living in poverty.

Source Arizona Foundation for Womens 2007
Status Update
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Poverty disproportionately affects women of color
in Arizona.

• 90.7 percent of white women were above the
  federal poverty line.
• Native American women, at 65 percent
• Hispanic and African American women at 77.5
  percent.

Source Institute for Womens Policy Research
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Poverty limits womens choices and makes it
harder for them to escape violent relationships.

• While women at all income levels experience
  domestic violence, poor women experience domestic
  violence at higher rates than women with higher
  household incomes.

Source ACLU Womens Rights Project
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Level of Education Correlates to Earnings
Source Az Dept. of Education, Academic
Achievement Division
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Financial Fitness

• 1,000 at the beginning of each year into an IRA
  from age 20 through age 30 (11 years) and then
  never put in another dime. The account earns 7
  percent annually.
• At age 65 have 168,514 in the account.

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Encourage Saving for Retirement

• Explain setting aside a small portion of your
  paycheck each month will pay off in big dollars
  later.
• You can afford to invest more aggressively.
• You have years to overcome the inevitable ups and
  downs of the stock market.

Source U.S. Department of Labor, Employee
Benefits Security Administration (EBSA), A
Savings Fitness A guide to your money and your
financial future, Sept 2008
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Teen Dating Violence

• Women ages 16 to 24 are the most likely victims
  of intimate partner violence.
• Between 10 and 25 of girls between 15 and 24
  will be victims of rape or attempted rape.
• 20 of female homicide victims are between15 and
  24 years of age.
• 20 of high school girls have reported being
  physically and/or sexually abused by a dating
  partner.
• 40 of teenage girls age 14-17 report knowing
  someone their age who has been hit or beaten by a
  boyfriend.

Source AzCADV
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Nearly 1/2 of the estimated 500,000 sexual
assaults reported annually are committed by
friends or acquaintances.

• Average frequency of nonsexual dating violence
• 22 among high school students and
• 32 among college students.
• Adolescent girls and young women are 4xs more
  likely to be victims of sexual assault than
  females of other ages

Source USDOJ.org Intimate Partner and Family
Violence Fact Sheet
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Characteristics that increase risk for date rape
and violence among female adolescents and young
adults

• Younger age at first date
• Early sexual activity
• Earlier age of menarche
• History of sexual abuse or prior sexual
  victimization
• Being more accepting of rape myths and violence
  against women.

Source USDOJ.org Intimate Partner and Family
Violence Fact Sheet
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Factors associated with male perpetration of
sexual assault include

• Having sexually aggressive peers
• Heavy alcohol or drug use
• Acceptance of dating violence
• The male's assumption of key roles in dating such
  as initiating the date, being the driver, and
  paying dating expenses
• Miscommunication about sex
• Previous sexual intimacy with the victim
• Interpersonal violence
• Traditional gender roles
• Adversarial attitudes about relationships and
• Belief in rape myths.

Source USDOJ.org Intimate Partner and Family
Violence Fact Sheet
27
Victims need support, safety and assistance in
order to leave.

• Teen dating violence can happen to anyone no
  matter where they live or what kind of home they
  come from.
• It is hard to leave an abusive relationship at
  any age.

Source AzCADV
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Encourage Healthy Relationships

• Communication
• Trust
• Respect

Source Palo Alto Medical Foundation
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Teach Warning Signs

• Does the other person?
• Put you down
• Get extremely jealous or possessive
• Constantly check up on you
• Tell you how to dress
• Try to control what you do and who you see
• Have big mood swings
• Make you feel nervous (like you are walking on
  eggshells)
• Criticize you
• Threaten to hurt you

Source Palo Alto Medical Foundation
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What is the Dating Violence Cycle?

• Tension Criticism, yelling, swearing, angry
  gestures, coercion or threats
• Violence Physical and sexual attacks or threats
• Seduction Apologies, promises to change or gifts
• Jealousy and possessiveness

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Myths of Dating Violence

• He/she will never do it again.
• I am not being abused.
• I will leave when the time is right.
• It only happens to girls.

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Choices

• Make a conscious choice
• Dont let things
• just happen

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What to Do

• In an unhealthy relationship
• Work it out
• End the relationship
• Tell someone about the abuse
• Helping a friend
• Do not make them feel bad about their choices
• Offer to go with them to get help
• Remind them they cant rescue their friend

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Domestic Violence Shelters in Arizona

• 2007 DES funded 28 shelters
• 10,787 Individuals received shelter and
  counseling services
• Half of them were children
• Women and children stayed in shelters for
   261,415 nights

Source DES Community Partnerships and Innovative
Practices
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Shelter Turn Away

• 2,483 individuals were turned away from emergency
  domestic violence shelters funded by DES in the
  nine month period from July 1, 2007-March 31,
  2008 for reasons other than lack of space
• From January April, beds were available
  throughout Arizona

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Reasons for Turn Away in 2007

• Too large of a family
• Age/gender of children
• Mental Illness
• Substance use
• Disabilities or other limitations (i.e. weight)
• Pets

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Multisystem response needed

• Collaborate, communicate, network and partner on
  a local, corporate, state and federal levels to
  provide a full range of services to victims.

Source 2008 Community Conversation
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Promote system collaboration with

• Shelters
• Health care facilities
• Pharmacies
• DV transitional housing
• SMI housing, state / federal housing authorities
• social service agencies such as those serving
  children, provide prevention education, substance
  abuse treatment, behavioral health services,
  vocational training,
• State agencies such as DES, ADHS, DDD, ED, etc.
• Legal aid,

• Justice system
• Law enforcement such as police, border patrol,
  etc.
• Faith Community
• ABIL
• Area Agency on Aging
• Business / Corporate Partners
• Motels
• Child care centers
• APS, CPS, RBHA, Community Colleges
• Private individuals
• Financial and legal organizations

Source 2008 Community Conversation
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Suicide

• Every 100 minutes, a youth commits suicide (aged
  15-24).

Source Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
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Statistics

• Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death among
  people ages 10 to 24
• surpassed only by car crashes and homicides.
• Suicide is the sixth leading cause of death among
  youths aged 5-14.

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Suicide rate for girls is rising

• From 2003-2004, the U.S. suicide rate went up for
  girls
• 76 among 10- to 14-year-old girls
• 32.3 among 15-19 year old girls

Source Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
42
Suicide in Arizona

• Each year, nearly 20,000 teens in Arizona attempt
  suicide.
• Arizona ranks 1st in the nation for teens who
  complete suicide with guns.
• Each year since 1985, Arizona has ranked in the
  top 10 states for teens who completed suicide

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Untreated depression is the number one cause for
suicide.

• Other untreated mental illness causing the
  majority of suicide include
• bipolar disorder
• schizophrenia

Source 2007 Suicide.org
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Negative Life Experiences can be Triggers

• Breakup of the family including divorce and
  separation.
• Experiencing a loss like a break-up, end of a
  relationship, or intense friendship.
• Pressure to attain unrealistic goals by self or
  others.
• Pressure to use drugs, alcohol, or engage in
  other destructive behaviors

Source TeenLifeline.org
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Negative Life Experiences can be Triggers

• Being victimized (domestic violence, rape,
  assault).
• A loved one being victimized (child murder, child
  molestation, kidnapping, murder, rape, assault).
• Feeling "trapped" in a situation perceived as
  negative.
• Feeling that things will never "get better."

Source 2007 Suicide.org
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Negative Life Experiences can be Triggers

• Physical abuse.
• Verbal abuse.
• Sexual abuse.
• Unresolved abuse (of any kind) from the past.
• Alcohol Abuse
• Drug Abuse

Source 2007 Suicide.org
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Negative Life Experiences can be Triggers

• Feeling helpless.
• Feeling "taken advantage of."
• Inability to deal with a perceived "humiliating"
  situation.
• Inability to deal with a perceived "failure."

Source 2007 Suicide.org
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Negative Life Experiences can be Triggers

• A feeling of not being accepted by family,
  friends, or society.
• A horrible disappointment.
• Bullying.
• Low self-esteem.

Source 2007 Suicide.org
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Warning Signs

• "I just want to go to sleep and never wake up"
• Statements indicating worthlessness or desire to
  die like "Everyone would be better off if I were
  dead"
• Depression or sadness lasting for more than 2
  weeks
• Sudden and drastic changes in personality

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Warning Signs

• Too much sleeping, eating or grooming
• Giving away personal belongings that have special
  meanings
• Saying a final goodbye to family and friends or
  leaving a goodbye note
• Previous suicide attempts

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When a Friend Talks of Suicide

• Encourage them to Listen about their situation
  and feelings.
• Remind them not to give advice or try to find a
  simple solution.
• Encourage them to be honest
• Let them know their discussion will not encourage
  their friend to go through with their plan.
• Tell them to let their friend know they care.

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Suicide Can Never Be a Secret

• Let them know to get help If they keep their
  friends secret, they could lose them forever.
• Tell them to encourage their friend to talk to an
  adult they trust.
• If they won't, encourage them to talk to someone
  

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Suicide is Never the Answer

• Never act on thoughts of suicide
• Always tell others.
• Help is always available.
• Call 911 or
• Call 1-800-Suicide
• For GLBTQ teens call 1-866-4-U-TREVOR

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Heart Disease is the 1 killer of women

• Not a mans disease 51 of deaths due to heart
  disease are women
• Not an older womans disease.
• Leading cause of death among women aged 65 years
  and older.
• 2nd leading cause of death among women aged 4564
  years.
• 3rd leading cause of death among women 2544

Source Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Fact Sheet
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1 in 3 female adults have some form of
cardiovascular disease.

• Birth heart defects
• High blood pressure
• Hardening of the blood vessels
• Stroke
• Congestive heart failure

• Source Heart Disease Stroke Statistics 2008
  Update, American Heart Association

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One death a minute

• In 2004, 460,000 female lives were lost due to
  cardiovascular disease. 
• More female lives lost than by
• cancer,
• chronic lower respiratory disease,
• Alzheimers disease,
• accidents, and
• diabetes combined.

• Source Heart Disease Stroke Statistics 2008
  Update, American Heart Association

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Ethnic Breakdown

• 49 of Black/African-American women have
  cardiovascular disease. 
• 35 of non-Hispanic white women have
  cardiovascular disease. 
• 34.4 of Mexican-American women have
  cardiovascular disease.

Source Heart Disease Stroke Statistics 2008
Update, American Heart Association
58
Knowledge is Power

• Good news Almost 50 of women surveyed know that
  heart disease is the number one killer of women  
• Bad news Only 13 of the women perceived heart
  disease as their greatest health problem.
• reflects an attitude heart disease is "not my
  problem."

Source American Heart Association
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Simple Lifestyle Modifications

• Regardless of the risk level, lifestyle
  modifications are recommended for all women
• Stop Smoking / Dont Start
• 30 minutes physical activity most days
• Eat a heart-healthy diet
• Manage your Weight

Source American Heart Association
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Eat a Heart Healthy Diet

• Keep an eye on portion sizes.
• Choose lean meats and poultry without skin
• Dont add saturated and trans fats
• Choose fat-free, 1 fat, and low-fat dairy
  products.
• Cut back on foods high in dietary cholesterol.
• Aim to eat less than 300 mg of cholesterol each
  day.

Source Heart Disease Stroke Statistics 2008
Update, American Heart Association
61
Eat a Heart Healthy Diet

• Cut back on sugar.
• Cut back on salt.
• Aim less than 2,300 mg of sodium per day
• If you drink alcohol, no more than one drink per
  day.

Source Heart Disease Stroke Statistics 2008
Update, American Heart Association
62
Regular physical activity is one of the most
important things you can do

• Physical activity can help
• Control your weight
• Reduce risk of cardiovascular disease
• Reduce risk of Type 2 Diabetes
• Reduce risk of some cancers
• Strengthens bones and muscles
• Improves mental health and mood

Source Heart Disease Stroke Statistics 2008
Update, American Heart Association
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Every Generation Refreshes the World
Bob Dylan

• Individual Change
• Policy Change
• Individual Change
• Collaboration

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• Si Se Puede!
• Cesar Chavez