COLORADO HISTORY

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COLORADO HISTORY

• THE EXPLORERS

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Christopher ColumbusSails to New World1492
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EXPLORATION

• Spanish were interested in land west of the
  Mississippi River
• Moved North from Mexico
• Spanish objectives were Gold, Glory and Gospel
• The Conquistadors had made successful expeditions
  in Peru and Mexico
• Conquistadors - a Spanish soldier, explorer and
  adventurer who took part in the gradual invasion
  and conquering of much of the Americas and Asia
  Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial
  rule between the 15th and 19th centuries.

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Hernan CortezConquers Aztecs1519-1521
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Pizarro conquers Incas1531-33
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Cabeza de Vaca

• Cabeza de Vaca had been shipwrecked on the Texas
  coast and was told by the Indians of the Seven
  Cities of Gold (Cibola) located to the north.
  (1528)
• The 7 Cities of Cibola lie to the northward. In
  them the house doors are studded with jewels, and
  the streets are lined with the shops of
  goldsmiths. Texas Indians to Cabeza de Vaca

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CORONADO

• Coronado, a Spanish nobleman led the expedition
  to find the Seven Cities of Cibola (hope of
  finding another Mexico or Peru)
• 200 horsemen
• 70 foot soldiers
• 1000 Indians
• Rode into Mexico City in 1535, prepared for this
  glorious expedition.

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CORONADO CONT.

• Instead of towering cities they found adobe
  pueblos and poor farmers
• In order to get the Spaniards to leave, these
  Indians told them of rich lands to the east (a
  lie). This led them to the plains (Kansas)

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CORONADO CONT.

• Coronado was getting ready to head west into
  Colorado when he suffered severe injuries in a
  horse racing accident
• On his way home they passed through the
  southeastern corner of Colorado and were the
  first white men to reach and explore this area

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Juan de Onate

• - Settlements established in New Mexico in 1598
  - nearly 60 years after Coronado - Settlers
  brought families Catholic missionaries to
  convert the Indians
• - Santa Fe established 1609
• - Not sure who really was the first European
  Explorer of Colorado

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ULIBARRI

• Juan Ulibarri came into Colorado to capture
  runaway slaves in 1706. He brought with him 40
  troops and 100 Indian allies
• He accomplished the following
• Claimed land for Spain
• Named the San Luis Valley
• Named Colorado Santa Domingo

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LATE 1700S

• There was a threat from the Russians-They were in
  Alaska and began moving down the Pacific Coast
• The threat caused the Spanish to found their
  missions throughout California
• They needed to tie these missions together so
  they could get from New Mexico to Monterey
  California.

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Camino RealRoyal Road
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FATHER ESCALANTE
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DOMINGUEZ/ESCALANTE

• Left Santa Fe in July of 1776
• Both were padres whose purpose was to convert
  tribes north and west of the Colorado River
• Escalante kept a detailed diary
• Crossed Colorado near the San Juan Mountains

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DOMINGUES/ESCALANTE CONT.

• Eventually made it to Utah but then gave up in
  their attempt to reach California
• They looped through Utah and went home to Santa
  Fe
• They had carefully charted and mapped the entire
  area

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GOVERNOR ANZA

• Founder of San Francisco
• Gov of NM
• Led 600 men to track down Indian raiders
• Went through San Luis Valley to South Park
• Defeated the Indians twice (Comanches)
• Comanches signed a peace treaty and the Spanish
  were going to help them establish a permanent
  settlement

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GOVERNOR ANZA
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GOV ANZA

• This settlement was called San Carlos
• In order to have peace with the Comanches Anza
  had to negotiate a treaty between the Utes and
  the Comanches and when this was done San Carlos
  would start
• A prominent woman died and the Indians took this
  as a divine sign to leave this area which was
  near Pueblo (1787)