IPv6 Fundamentals

1
IPv6 Fundamentals

• Original slides thanks to
• Abilene NOC at Indiana University
• Grover Browning (gcbrowni_at_iu.edu)
• Brent Sweeny (sweeny_at_iu.edu)
• Modified by John Barlow for AARNet

2
V6 Fundamentals

• IPv6 Basics
• Network Configuration
• Lab

3
IPv4 Subnet Masking

• 10.10.10.1 /8 (bits of network)
• 10.10.10.1 /16
• 10.10.10.1 /24
• 10.10.10.1 /28

4
IPv6 Subnet Masking

• 20010468110034211234123412341234/64
• 20010468110034211234123412341234/48
• 20010468110034211234123412341234/40

5
IPv6 Prefixes

• Subnet Masking, VLSM, Aggregation
• 2001468/28
• 20010468000000000000000000000000
• 2001468ff00/48
• 20010468ff0000000000000000000000
• 2001468FF001052/64
• 20010468ff0001050000000000000002

6
IPv6 Prefixes

• Address Allocations
• 2001388/32 AARNet
• 2001388400/43 NT RNO
• 2001388402/48 NTU
• 2001388401b/64 My Subnet
• 2001388401b1/128 My Machine

7
IPv6 Prefixes

• 2001388/32
• 2001388/43
• 2001388/48
• 2001388/64
• 2001388/128

8
IPv6 Interfaces

• Multiple Addresses per interface
• Scope
• Stateless Autoconfiguration

9
IPv6 Interfaces

• Multiple Addresses per Interface
• FE80230A3FFFEC681C
• 2001388FF5441

10
Router Configuration

• Rule 1 What Would v4 do?
• (what do you need to do to enable v4 routing?)
• Turn On Routing
• Configure Interfaces
• Configure Routing Protocols

11
Cisco Configs

• ipv6 unicast-routing (Global)
• ipv6 enable (Interface)
• ipv6 (Interface)

12
Cisco Interface Config

• auconf t
• au(config)ipv6 unicast-routing
• au(config)int tunnel 23
• au(config-if)ipv6 enable
• au(config-if)ipv6 address 2001388100011/64
• au(config)int Ethernet 0
• au(config-if)ipv6 enable
• au(config-if)ipv6 address 2001388100021/64
• Remember use /64 if you want autoconfigure to
  work!

13
Cisco Routing Config

• Requires working IGP, for the lab we use directly
  connected interface addresses.
• Router bgp
• Address-family ipv6 unicast
• Neighbor remote-as
• Network 20013881000/48

14
Cisco Routing Config

• Static route
• ipv6 route
• e.g. ipv6 route 20013881000/48 Null0 250
• (to make sure you know the route so you can
  advertise it!)
• BGP Prefix-filtering (at your upstream facing
  you)
• ipv6 prefix-list From-Cairns permit
  2001388400/40
• And to apply it
• (bgp)neighbor 2001388100022 prefix-list
  From-Cairns in

15
Cisco - Tunnel

• interface Tunnel1
• description IPv6 tunnel to NSW RNO
• ipv6 enable
• ipv6 address 2001388052/64
• tunnel source Loopback0
• tunnel destination 192.231.212.5
• tunnel mode ipv6ip

16
Cisco ATM PVC

• interface ATM2/0.3 point-to-point
• description Indiana Gigapop
• pvc Indiana 3/66
• ubr 155000
• encapsulation aal5snap
• ipv6 enable
• ipv6 address 2001468FF5441/64

17
Cisco - Ethernet

• interface FastEthernet2/0.51
• description Dept. of pencil allocations
• encapsulation dot1Q 51
• ipv6 enable
• ipv6 address 2001388401331/64

18
The Cisco Show

• show ipv6 interface ! show all v6 address etc.
• show bgp sum ! show summary of neighbors BGP
  state
• show bgp ! show all v6 BGP-learned routes
• show bgp neigh addr routes ! what hes sending
• show bgp neigh addr advertised ! what youre
  sending
• show ipv6 route ! show all v6 routes

19
Juniper

• InGig edit interface at-1/2/0 unit 1
• InGig edit family inet6
• InGig set address 2001388ff5442/64
• InGig edit routing-options rib-groups
• InGig edit IF6-RG6
• InGig set import-rib inet6.0

20
Juniper

• routing-options
• inet6.0
• static
• rib-group IF6-RG6
• route 200146804000/40
• reject
• install
• readvertise

21
set protocols bgp family inet6 any
group IUPUI6 type external
import From-IUPUI6 family inet6
any
peer-as 10680 neighbor
200146843f12 description
"IUPUI campus v6"
22
Juniper ATM PVC

• at-1/2/0
• description "to Border 1010 4/1/0"
• enable
• encapsulation atm-pvc
• atm-options
• vpi 3 maximum-vcs 128
• unit 1
• description "to IUPUI campus v6 router"
• encapsulation atm-snap
• point-to-point
• vci 3.68
• family inet6
• address 200146843f11/64

23
Juniper Neighbor Advertisement

• Protocols
• Router-advertisement
• Int fe1/1/1
• Prefix 2001388/24

24
LAB 1

• !!!Test Your Might!!!

25
IPv4 Basics

• /30s for point-to-point interfaces
• IPv4 IGP to get them talking to each other
• Router ospf 1
• net 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
• check can you see/reach all other routers?

26
AARNet 192.231.212.5 2001388051/64
192.94.209.0/24 (.1 is default)
Cairns AS65500
.21
.17
.25
.22
.18
Darwin AS65100
Broome AS65200
.33
.29
.30
.26
.34
Alice AS65300
Doomadgee AS65530
Bourke AS65400
links use /30 ipv4
27
Then add IPv6

• Plan
• Allocate addresses to your dependent(s) LAN
• Configure v6 on router
• Turn ipv6 on globally
• Add addresses to interfaces (point-to-point, LAN)
• Add to exterior routing protocol
• Filter if necessary
• Check your work
• What routes are you sending? Receiving?
• Do you see all local IPv6 nets?
• Do you see workshop IPv6 nets?
• Do you see IPv6 internet? (300 prefixes)

28
Add v6 addresses
20013881c00/40
AARNet 192.231.212.5 2001388051/64
Cairns AS65500
20013881c00/40
X/64
X/64
X/64
X/64
X/64
X/64
Darwin AS65100
Broome AS65200
X/64
X/64
X/ZZ
X/ZZ
X/64
X/64
X/64
X/64
X/64
Alice AS65300
Doomadgee AS65530
Bourke AS65400
X/64
X/64
X/ZZ
X/ZZ
X/ZZ
X/64
29
Lab 1

• Your turn!

30
Surfing IPv6

• http//www.kame.net -- The kame or turtle at
  the top of the main page dances if you are
  connected via IPv6
• http//ipv6.research.microsoft.com -- Accessible
  only via IPv6
• Others?

31
IPv6 The Horror Within

• Simplified Headers
• Chained Heads
• Traffic Types
• Scope
• Autoconfiguration
• Multihoming Issues

32
Simplified Headers
V6 (40 bytes)
V4 (20 bytes)
33
Chained Headers

• Hop-by-Hop Options
• Routing Header
• Fragment Header
• Authentication Header
• Encrypted Security Payload Header
• Destination Options Header (Jumbo!)

34
Traffic Types

• Unicast
• Multicast
• Anycast
• Aiiiieeeee! Where did Broadcast go?

35
ICMP Types

• 1 Destination Unreachable
• 2 Packet Too Big
• 3 Time Exceeded
• 4 Parameter Problem
• 128 Echo Request
• 129 Echo Reply
• 130 - Group Membership Query
• 131 Group membership Report
• 132 Group Membership Reduction
• 133 Router Solicitation
• 134 Router Advertisement
• 135 Neighbor Solicitation
• 136 Neighbor Advertisement
• 137 - Redirect

36
Special Unicast Addresses

• Unspecified address
• All zeros ()
• Used as source address during initialization
• Also used in representing default
• Loopback address
• Low-order one bit (1)
• Same as 127.0.0.1 in IPv4

37
Predefined Scopes

• FE80/64 Link Scope
• FEC/10 Site Scope (cf 10.0.0.0/8)
• FF01 Node Scope
• FF02 Link Scope
• FF05 Site Scope
• FF08 Organization Scope
• FF0E Internet Scope

38
Stateless AutoConfiguration

• Only works with /64!
• Build a Link Local Address (Split MAC address,
  put FFFE in Middle.)
• Join All Nodes Multicast Group (FF021)
• Send Solicitation ICMP to All Routers (FF022)
  HOP set to 255.
• Router responds with a Router Advertisement ICMP.
• Prefixes have a Valid lifetime and a Preferred
  Lifetime.

39
Multihoming Issues

• Punching Holes
• Longest Prefix
• Source Address Issues
• Provider Independent Addressing

40
Multihoming
2001897/35
2001388/32
ISP1 (uunet)
ISP2 (AARNet)
University of Smallville
20013881210/48
20018970456/48
41
Provider-independent Multihoming
2001897/35
2001388/32
ISP1 (uunet)
ISP2 (AARNet)
20013881210/48
20018970456/48
University of Smallville
153423583456/48
42
PI Multihoming
152886532800/39
ISP2 (WestCo)
ISP1 UUnet
IBM 15288653294C/48
SOX 1528865328FE/48
Ford 1528865329A6/48
GE 152886532905/48
43
Campus/Gigapop IPv6

• IOS Versions
• Topology Issues
• DNS Support
• Traffic

44
Router software versions

• Juniper 5.1 Line Rate v6
• Cisco 12.2T (7x00, 3600, etc)
• Cisco 12.0(19 or more)ST (GSR Only)
• Router Support

45
Topology Issues

• Inserting V6 into a production network

46
Layer-2 Campus1 Switch
Bldg Switch
Big Core Switch
Bldg Switch
Bldg Switch
Big Core Router
47
Layer-2 Campus1 Switch
Bldg Switch
Big Core Switch
Bldg Switch
Bldg Switch
Big Core Router
Small Core V6 Router
48
Layer-2 Campus2 Core Switches
Bldg Switch
Bldg Switch
Bldg Switch
Big Core Switch
Big Core Switch
Big Core Router
Big Core Router
49
Layer-2 Campus2 Core Switches
Bldg Switch
Bldg Switch
Bldg Switch
Small Core V6 Router
Big Core Switch
Big Core Switch
Big Core Router
Big Core Router
50
Layer-3 Campus
Bldg Router
Big Core Router
Bldg Router
Bldg Router
Border Router
51
Routing Protocols

• The Role of BGP the IGP (RipNG / IS-IS)
• Static Routing

52
DNS Issues

• BIND Versions
• v8 for ipv6 address support, v9 for dual-stack
• Dual-Stack Support
• Production System Support
• Separate (experimental?) v6 DNS servers?

53
Equipment Needs

• For a simple campus ipv6 implementation
• One Router (Cisco 2600) 4,000
• One Linux Box (DNS etc) 2,000
• Or it could all be combined in a single PC with
• Linux or BSD
• Zebra (BGP routing)
• DNS etc.

54
Future Needs

• Routers V6 Support
• Servers Dual-Stack, Code Revs
• Topology Border/Core Designs

55
Abilene v6 Traffic

• Not much..
• See http//monon.uits.iupui.edu/abilene/ipv6/index
  .html

Abilene Indianapolis Aggregate IPv6 traffic
6/20/2002
56
Where are the applications?

• bread-and-butter apps
• telnet
• ftp
• http
• Sendmail, various pop/imap clients (one that
  works for win32 is postie, from
  http//www.infradig.com/infradig/download.shtml)

• dns/bind
• nntp (news)
• ssh
• Also
• Pchar
• Netperf
• A growing list

57
Contacts

• AARNet IPv6 documentation
• http//www.aarnet.edu.au/network/design/ipv6/
• Australian mailing list
• subscribe ipv6-au to ipv6-au-request_at_e-secure.c
  om.au
• AARNet IPv6 working group see John Barlow
• Internet2 IPv6 Working Group
• http//ipv6.internet2.edu/
• Your local RNO representative.