Florida by Fay, Liz,

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Florida by Fay, Liz, Marcela
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Florida

• The sunshine state
• 1,200 miles of coast
• 53 consist of barrier island
• 4,500 islands greater than 10 acres
• 663 miles of beaches
• State fish Tarpon

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Florida

• Capital Tallahassee
• Population 15,982,378
• Most populous metropolis is Miami
• Longest river is the St. Johns
• Highest point 345 feet

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Development of the shoreline

• Coastline has been changed from natural wetland
  and beach front to residential, commercial and
  recreational use
• Coastal population has increased from 4.8 million
  in 1960 to 12.8 million in 1990
• 79 of Floridas population live within the
  coastal zone

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Florida Tides

• Tidal range is microtidal (? 2m) throughout
  Florida except NE, where ranges may be greater

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Pensacola (Gulf coast)
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Virginia Key (SE Atlantic coast)
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Fernandina Beach (NE Atlantic coast)
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Florida Panhandle

• Sediment sourse from the Apalachicola river
• Nearly continuous barrier islands
• Result from sediment reworking
• Mostly wave dominated with a east-west sediment
  drift

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Florida Panhandle

• Perdito Key is a 247 acre island in which half is
  preserved and half is covered by upscale
  development
• Santa Rosa barrier island is 40 miles long and is
  mostly protected by the Gulf Island National
  Seashore

santa rosa island
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Florida Panhandle

• Okaloosa Island
• High ocean washover
• Owned mostly by Eglin Air Force Base
• Devistated by hurricane Opal

Okalossa Island
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Florida Panhandle

• My hometown is located on a spit that extends
  into the Choctawhatchee Bay
• Blue Mountain Beach is located on Scenic Highway
  30-A

Fays House
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Florida Panhandle

• 16 unique coastal dune lakes occur in the area
• Lakes are seperated from the gulf by barrier dune
  systems
• Intermittently open to the gulf depending on
  tides
• Rare ecosystem which houses many plant and animal
  species

Phillip
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Florida Panhandle

• Many barrier islands are formed in the
  Apalachicola area from sediments deposited by the
  river
• Cape San Blas partly ensloses St. Josephs Bay

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Florida Panhandle

• St. Vincent Island is protected by the National
  Wildlife Refuge and is a haven for endangered
  species (bald eagle)
• St. George Island was split in two in 1954 by the
  army corp of engineers to form a shipping channel
• Dog Island was frequented by pirates and is
  extensively studied by FSU

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Florida Big Bend

• Extends from the St. Marks River to Anclote River
• Shallow offshore shelf
• Creasent shaped coastline
• Low wave action
• Few narrow sandy beaches

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Florida Big Bend

• Tidal creek and river delta dominated
• Extensive Seagrass beds, salt marshes and coastal
  wetlands
• Area divided into three subregions

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Florida Big Bend

• APALACHEE EMBAYMENT
• Sub region form St. Marks to Bowlegs point
• Consist of Apalanhee Bay and Deadmans Bay and
  the marshy headland between

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Florida Big Bend

• SUWANNEE COAST
• Extends from Bowlegs point to the Withlacoochee
  river
• Includes the Cedar Keys which consist of twelve
  small barrier islands

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Florida Big Bend

• SUN COAST
• Extends from the Withlacoochee river to the
  Anclote river
• Includes Pine Island which is really just a spit
  off of Hernando Beach

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West-Central Florida

• Very diverse with 29 islands and 30 tidal inlets
• Sediment starved coast with materials resulting
  from reworking
• Combination of wave dominated and mixed energy
  features

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West-central coast

• ANCLOTE KEY
• Northern most island
• Houses Anclote Key State Preserve and National
  Wildlife Refuge
• Experiencing erosion

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West-Central Florida

• THREE-ROOKER BAR ISLAND
• Small, semi-circular island
• Emerged within the last decade
• Accumulating sand from other eroding islands

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West-Central Florida

• Honeymoon Island is entirely a state recreation
  area
• Caladesi Island is accessible only by boat
• Clearwater Beach Island is highly developed

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West-Central Florida

• SAND KEY
• Highly Developed
• Many beach renourishment projects
• High erosion

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West-Central Florida

• Treasure Island has bulkheads as a common feature
• Long Key is highly developed and houses the
  popular St. Pete Beach
• Blind pass separates the two islands

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West-Central Florida

• ANNA MARIA ISLAND
• 1st major island south of Tampa Bay
• Highly developed
• Nearshore transverse bars
• Originated as a elongate shoal

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West-Central Florida

• Longboat Key
• 10 miles long
• Lido Key
• Formed artificially in the 20s when a series of
  mangrove islands was filled with dredge material

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South coast - major coastline features
Charlotte Harbor
Pine Isl.
Caloosahatchee
Captiva Isl.
San Carlos Bay
Sanibel Isl.
Cape Romano
10000 Isl.
Rookery Bay
Key Biscayne
Chokoloskee Bay
Biscayne Bay
Shark R.
Whitewater Bay
Card Sound
Barnes Sound
Cape Sable
Florida Bay
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South coast

• mangrove coasts and associated salt marshes
• barrier islands
• sandy beaches
• Florida Keys

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Mangrove coast

• Mangroves
• Along coastline (greatest development along
  estuaries N of Cape Sable- mangrove flats along
  Shark river tribitaries)
• Forming islands
• 10000 Islands area
• Florida bay area

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Ten Thousand Islands

• Extend northward from the NW corner of Everglades
  Natl Park for about 60 miles
• Mangroves build upon oyster bars that grow
  perpendicular to the tidal flow , giving the
  islands their characteristic shape

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Florida Bay area

• Islands are round or elliptical
• 2 types of islands
• completely covered with mangrove
• atoll-like rim of mangrove enclosing a depression
• shoreline mostly lime and muds

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Barrier islands

• Extend down the W coast for about 300 km from
  Anclote Key to Cape Romano
• (Gasparilla Isl, La Costa Isl, Captiva Isl,
  Sanibel Isl.,Keewaydin Isl)

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Gasparilla Isl.
Pine Isl.
Captiva Isl.
Sanibel Isl.
Cape Sable
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Sandy beaches

• Poorly developed S of Key Biscayne but some occur
  as small pockets in the Florida Keys and shallow
  bays behind the Keys
• Most extensive beaches of SW Fl are the 16 km
  long beach on Cape Sable and the 10 km long
  Highlands beach

Cape Sable
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Florida Keys

• 1700 islands
• NE-SW arc, 240 km long
• From Soldier key to Key West
• Upper Keys (Bahia Honda northwards)
• Lower Keys (Pig Pine Key)

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Florida KeysInclude diverse habitats such as

• Seagrass meadows
• Mangrove islands
• Coral reefs
• Efforts to protect this ecosystems

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Florida Keys

• One half on the area covered by mangrove swamps
• Shoreline mostly rock or muddy intertidal flats
  that border mangrove shoreline
• Only a few sandy beaches
• Offshore coral reefs forming banks and channels

Bahia Honda
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East Coast Florida

• 550 miles of barrier islands and coastal inlets
• Contains both Mesotidal and Microtidal
  environments

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Northeast Florida

• Short barrier islands
• Well developed sand dunes
• Extensive marsh and tidal flats
• Mixed energy environment (Mesotidal)

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Central Southern Florida

• Wave dominated
• Barrier islands have long, continuous dunes
• Little marsh development
• Lagoons contain fresh water away from inlets

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Major Rivers and Water Features

• St. Johns River
• 285 miles (longest river in Florida
• Flows Northward
• St. Marys River
• 185 miles
• Border between GA and FL

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Water (cont)

• Indian River Lagoon
• 150 mi long
• Bordered by Canaveral Island National Seashore
  (N), Cape Canaveral (E), Jupiter Island (S), and
  mainland FL (W)
• North Americas most diverse estuary
• Contains 6 inlets

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Sebastian Inlet

• Outflow for Indian River
• Located between Melbourne and Vero Beach

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Jupiter Inlet

• Outflow for the Loxahatchee River
• Small and narrow
• Shoaling and fast currents make it dangerous
• Considered unnavigable by U. S. Coast Guard

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East Coast Barrier Islands

• Amelia Island
• 18.2 mi²
• Cape Canaveral National Seashore
• 25 mi of national shoreline
• Guana-Tolomato-Matanzas Research Reserve
• Matanzas Inlet
• Stretches 30 mi North and South of St. Augustine

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Amelia Island

• Southernmost of the chain of the Atlantic coast
  barrier islands that stretch from North Carolina
  to Florida

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Cape Canaveral National Seashore

• Contains ocean, beach, hammock, lagoon, saltmarsh
  and pine flatland habitats
• 58,000 acres of barrier island
• Relatively stable barrier beach backed by a
  productive lagoon system (Indian River Lagoon)

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Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve

• Contains saltmarshes, mangrove tidal wetlands,
  oyster bars, estuarine lagoons, and offshore seas
  in NE Florida
• Matanzas Inlet
• Unaltered inlet
• Provides/supports commercial and recreational
  fish

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References

• University of Florida Geology Department Geology
  of the Florida Coast http//www.clas.ufl.edu/users
  /guerry/GLY4155/coast.htlm
• Pensacolas Pristine Beaches http//goflorida.abo
  ut.com.library/weekly/aa0131a.htm
• Chactawhatchee Basin Alliance http//basinalliance
  .org/cdlakes.htm
• Apalachicola Islands http//www.baynavigator.com/T
  heIslands/main.cfm
• Florida Division of Historical Resources, US
  census Bureau, Atlas of Florida, (c) 1992.
• Florida Department of Environmental Protection,
  Big Bend Gulf Coast Subregions, 2000
• USGS Barrier Island Studies http//pubs.usgs.gov/o
  f/2001/0f01-303/island.htlm
• Sanibel-Captiva Conservation Foundation
  http//www.sccf.org/Education/barrierislands.html
• Barrier Island Accretion and Geomorphological
  Evolution of Keewaydin Island, Collier County,
  Florida http//keck.carleton.edu/archives/symposiu
  m/00/novakowski.pdf
• Florida Keys http//www.sanctuaries.nos.noaa.gov/o
  ms/omsflorida/omsflorida.html
• Geology and Hydrology of the Florida Keys
  http//sofia.usgs.gov/publications/papers/keys_geo
  hydro/index.html
• Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
  http//www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/visitor_information/
  welcome.html
• Tides on line http//tidesonline.nos.noaa.gov/geog
  raphic.html
• National Audubon Society A Field Guide to
  Florida
• National Geographic Guide Map Florida
• http//www.floridaoceanographic.org/Indian_River.h
  tm
• http//www.capecanaveral.com
• http//www.nps.gov/cana/
• http//www.ameliaisland.com/