Instructor: Nachiket M' Kharalkar

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Introduction to Microcontrollers

• Instructor Nachiket M. Kharalkar
•  
• Lecture 26
• Date 08/08/2007
• E-mail knachike_at_ece.utexas.edu
•  

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Todays Agenda

• Final Contest 8/10/07
• TRobot 2 labs
• Final review
• Preliminary Contest
• CIS

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Final review
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General Instructions

• The final will be similar in style to Exam 1
• The final will cover material from Chapters
  1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10.
• Good things to study are
• the Homework questions and solutions
• all the lecture notes posted
• It will be closed book, you can only have pen,
  pencil and eraser
• It will be half short answer questions
• Conversions, definitions, hand execution, bus
  cycles, hand assembly
• And half longer questions
• Local variables, FSM, OC interrupt, ADC input,
  DAC, stepper motor
• I will give you similar technical documents as I
  did with Exam 1
• The numerical questions will be simple enough not
  to require a calculator. Except for the number
  conversion and hand assembly questions.

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• Number conversions, 8-bit (fill in the blank)
• convert one format to another without a
  calculator
• signed decimal e.g., -56
• unsigned decimal e.g., 200
• binary e.g., 11001000
• hexadecimal e.g., C8

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• volatile, nonvolatile
• static efficiency, dynamic efficiency
• basis, precision,
• fixed-point,
• given resolution convert between value and
  integer
• value integerD
• given precision and range choose the fixed-point
  format

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• promotion, demotion
• setting N, Z, V, C after 8-bit add or subtract
• overflow, ceiling and floor, drop out,
• bus, address bus, data bus,
• bus cycle, read cycle, write cycle,
• simplified cycle by cycle execution
• assembly listing to execution cycles
• machine code to execution cycles
• IR, EAR, BIU, CU, ALU, registers,

8

• device driver,
• friendly,
• ldaa DDRD
• oraa 80
• staa DDRD
• bset DDRD,80
• mask, toggle,
• ldaa PORTD
• eora 80
• staa PORTD

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• 8-bit versus 16-bit data
• reset vector
• pass 1, pass 2, symbol table
• direction register
• busy-waiting, gadfly, or polling

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• flow chart, call graph, data flow graph
• device driver
• ADC 0ltVinlt5 to 0ltDoutlt255 If Vin2.5012345679V,
  then Dout 128
• Straight binary format, example conversions
• resolution, range, precision
• Timer_Wait
• addd TCNT TCNT at end of delay
• Wloop cpd TCNT is EndTltTCNT
• bpl Wloop
• rts

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• debugging
• ScanPoint, intrusiveness, monitor, profiling,
  dump
• measuring execution time
• functional debugging, performance debugging,
  profiling
• Real time systems, bounded latency
• Finite state machine, Mealy, Moore

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Switch/LED interfacing (LED equation)5IRVdVol
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• Arrays and strings (address math, scanning,
  variable size)
• Matrices (address math, scanning, fixed size)
• row major, column major, bit/byte/word
• Producer/consumer problem
• Multiple Access Circular Queues, FIFO queues,
  double buffer
• Binary tree

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• scope local vs global
• allocation dynamic vs permanent
• local variables and parameters on the stack
• S binding, X stack frame binding
• binding , allocation, access, deallocation
• Reverse Polish Notation
• OC interrupts

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• LCD interfacing
• Timer
• ADC
• DAC
• Stepper motor interfacing
• OC interrupt
• FSM
• SCI

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Sample final exam questions

• Initialize ADC for 8 bit, right justified mode, 2
  conversions, input connected to PAD2
• Initialize OC and write the OC handler if the
  clock speed is 4 MHz and sampling rate is 40 Hz
• Initialize Timer and write the Timer wait if the
  clock speed is 4 MHz and wait is for 500ms
• Write assembly language program for the given
  state diagram/FSM

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Sample questions ctd..

• Assume that the 5 bit DAC has output range from
  0-10V. What will be the DAC output in volt if the
  input is 10101? Give answer accurate up to 2
  decimal places.
•  Design a 3-bit DAC system interfacing with the
  bits PT7 (bit 2), PT6 (bit 1) PT5 (bit 0) of
  9S12C32 microcontroller. You have only five 2kO
  resistors to design the circuit. There is one
  extra (sixth) 2kO resistor, but if you use the
  sixth resistor you will lose 5 points. Clearly
  mark the output of DAC as Vout.