Exp. 11 Objectives

1
Exp. 11 Objectives

• To become more familiar with the periodic table.
• To observe and generalize the trends in various
  atomic properties with groups and periods of
  elements.
• To observe from experiments the trends in the
  chemical properties within groups and periods of
  elements.

2
Exp. 11 Introduction

• Similarities between the chemical and physical
  properties of the elements were known as early as
  the 19th century.

3
Exp. 11 Introduction

• In 1869, Mendeleev (Russian) and Meyer (German)
  independently established periodic tables similar
  to the present arrangement of the elements.
• When Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of
  increasing atomic mass, he showed that their
  chemical properties recur periodically.
• When Meyer arranged the elements in order of
  increasing atomic mass, he showed that their
  physical properties recur periodically.
• The two tables are virtually identical.

4
Exp. 11 Introduction

• In 1913, Moseley used X-ray spectra of the
  elements to refine the periodic table to its
  current status when the elements are arranged in
  order of increasing atomic number, certain
  chemical and physical properties repeat
  periodically.

5
Exp. 11 Introduction

• In the periodic table, the horizontal rows are
  periods, the columns are groups/families. All
  elements in a group have similar chemical and
  physical properties.

6
Exp. 11 Introduction - Common Terms of Table

• Representative elements Group A elements
• Transition elements Groups 3-12
• Inner transition elements lanthanide and
  actinide
• Metallic elements left of the stairstep line
• Nonmetallic elements right of the stairstep line
• Metalloids adjacent to the stairstep line (not
  Al)

• Alkali metals 1A
• Alkaline earth metals 2A
• Chalcogens 6A
• Halogens 7A
• Noble gases 8A
• Rare earth metals lanthanide
• Coinage metals Cu, Ag, Au
• Noble metals Ru, Os, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Ag, Au, Hg

7
Exp. 11 Introduction

• The periodicity of a physical property for a
  series can be shown by plotting the experimental
  value of the property v. the atomic number. In
  this experiment, you will study
• Ionization energy Fig. 11.1
• Atomic radius Fig. 11.2
• Electron affinity Fig. 11.3
• Melting point Fig. 11.4
• Molar volume Fig. 11.5
• Density Fig. 11.6

8
Exp. 11 Procedure Notes

• Part A Take home due next week.
• Part B Omit
• Part C You will be working with bleach, strong
  HCl and concentrated H2SO4 wear gloves!
• Part D
• Part E
• Part F Omit steps 1 and 4

9
Exp. 11 Report Sheet

• Part A Dry Lab Questions 1 - 6
• Due in Lab next
  week.
• Report Sheet Questions - 1, 4