Chapter 12 The citric acid cyle, Part 2'

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• Chapter 12 The citric acid cyle, Part 2.
• The enzymes of glycolysis.
• Amounts of ATP made.
• Regulation of the citric acid cycle.
• Other pathways associated with the
• citric acid cycle.
• 5. The glyoxylic acid pathway.

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1. The enzymes of the citric acid cycle.
Citrate synthase
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Synthase lyase acting backwards Synthetase
ligase (requires energy).
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4. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase.
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6. Succinate dehydrogenase complex
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(No Transcript)
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8. Malate dehydrogenase
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2. Amounts of ATP made.
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Regulation of the citric acid cycle.
3.
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• Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase
• complex
• Allosteric
• By chemical modification (phosphorylation)

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1) Allosteric activated by reactants inhibited
by products.
Also produced by fat degradation
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2) Covalent modification
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• Other pathways
• Associated with the
• CA ccyle.

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• The glyoxylate acid pathway.

Mammals can not convert acetate to
carbohydrates. Both C atoms from acetate are
lost citric acid cycle ? zero Cs
for gluconeogenesis. Plant bacteria bypass
the CO2 releasing steps can make carbhydrates
from fats.
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• The glyoxylate
• acid pathway.