IS THERE A GLOBAL WATER CRISIS

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IS THERE A GLOBAL WATER CRISIS?
"The global water crisis is a major threat to
sustainable development to economic development,
to poverty reduction, to the environment, and to
peace and security, E.U. Environment
Commissioner Margot Wallstrom

• GPA and CFA productions

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IMAGES OF THE GLOBAL WATER
CRISIS
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IMAGES OF THE GLOBAL WATER
CRISIS
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Dawn of a thirsty century

• By Alex Kirby BBC News Online environment
  correspondent
• The amount of water in the world is limited. The
  human race, and the other species which share the
  planet, cannot expect an infinite supply.
• Water covers about two-thirds of the Earth's
  surface, admittedly. But most is too salty for
  use.
• Population is rising, but water supplies are no t
  only 2.5 of the world's water is not salty, and
  two-thirds of that is locked up in the icecaps
  and glaciers.
• Of what is left, about 20 is in remote areas,
  and much of the rest arrives at the wrong time
  and place, as monsoons and floods.
• Humans have available less than 0.08 of all the
  Earth's water. Yet over the next two decades our
  use is estimated to increase by about 40.

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CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS
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ISLAND WHAT ISLAND??
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DROUGHT.WHO CARES??
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WHO NEEDS WATER ? WHO USES THE
WATER?
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WATER CRISIS FOOD CRISIS
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IS THERE A WATER CRISIS IN
THE UK?

• England and Wales has an average rainfall of
  around 1000mm a year. Long periods of dry weather
  will often result in droughts and this is evident
  in the following years
• 1975/76
• 1984
• 1989/90
• 1995
• As a drought becomes more serious, water
  companies can apply for drought orders.

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IS THERE A WATER CRISIS IN
THE UK?

• Amongst others, the following facts regarding
  rainfall in 2003 have been released
• Driest January to October since 1959, and the
  eighth driest in Hadley Centre precipitation
  series, dating back to 1766 (1921 was the
  driest). 7 out of 10 months experienced below
  average rainfall in England and Wales. (Source
  Met Office)
• Driest August to October since 1972, and fourth
  driest in the Hadley Centre precipitation series
  (1947 was the driest). Late summer (Aug to Oct)
  rainfall was only 51 of long term average.
  (Source Met Office)

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THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS

•    More then one billion people in the world
  lack access to clean water, and things are
  getting worse. Over the next two decades, the
  average supply of water per person will drop by a
  third, possibly condemning millions of people to
  an avoidable premature death. NATURE

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THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS. WHO CARES?1. THE 2nd
WORLD WATER FORUM

• Freshwater is a precious and finite resource
  central to sustainable development, economic
  growth, social stability and poverty alleviation.
  The Ministerial Declaration of the 2nd World
  Water Forum in The Hague (2000) identified
  meeting basic water needs, securing food supply,
  protecting ecosystems, sharing water resources,
  managing risks, valuing water and governing water
  wisely as the key challenges for our direct
  future.

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THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS. WHO CARES?2.THE UNITED
NATIONS

• MISSION STATEMENT
• This UN-wide programme seeks to develop the tools
  and skills needed to achieve a better
  understanding of those basic processes,
  management practices and policies that will help
  improve the supply and quality of global
  freshwater resources.
• Our goals are to
• assess the state of the world's freshwater
  resources and ecosystems
• identify critical issues and problems
• develop indicators and measure progress towards
  achieving sustainable use of water resources
• help countries develop their own assessment
  capacity
• document lessons learned and publish a World
  Water Development Report (WWDR) at regular
  intervals.

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WATER RELATED DISEASES

• More than one billion people lack access to a
  safe supply of drinking water. Water-related
  diseases are the leading cause of death in the
  world. This killer takes the lives of more than
  14,000 people each day and is responsible for 80
  of all sickness in the world. Compounding the
  problem is the fact that more than 50 percent of
  the water supply projects in the developing world
  fail.

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THE GLOBAL WATER CRISIS. WHO CARES?3. THE EARTH
SUMMIT 2002

• Global water 'crisis' high on Earth Summit agenda
  
• Friday, June 07, 2002 By Dean Yates, Reuters
• BALI, Indonesia Of the myriad issues on the
  table for a U.N. summit in August that aims to
  cut world poverty and save the environment, few
  are as critical as getting safe drinking water to
  the 1.1 billion people who go without it.
• The European Union has warned the world was in a
  global water crisis and made the issue a priority
  for the World Summit on Sustainable Development
  in Johannesburg.
• Some delegates have said success or failure
  on water programs could be a roadmarker for the
  summit as a whole. The United Nations says at
  least 1.1 billion people lack access to safe
  drinking water and 2.4 billion lack adequate
  sanitation. More than 3 million people die every
  year from water-related diseases, the body says.
• Halving by 2015 the number of people with no
  access to clean water and sharply reducing those
  who lack adequate sanitation are key targets in a
  draft action plan for Johannesburg. The draft
  includes a call for countries to make water and
  sanitation a priority in national development
  plans improving sanitation in institutions, such
  as schools and promoting safe hygiene.
• U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan has put water
  at the top of five areas where he wants clear
  commitments at the summit. The others are energy,
  health, agriculture, and biodiversity.

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THE GLOBAL WATER CRISISWHO CARES?4. WATERAID

• The villages of Deyata Dodata and Dewaro are next
  to each other in central Ethiopia. Yet they are
  miles apart in terms of access to clean water.
• Thanks to WaterAid Deyata has piped water. Dewaro
  has crude earth-banked ponds that collect water
  for just six months of the year.
• For the other six months of the year the women of
  Dewaro walk every day 19 kilometres to the
  nearest source.

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WATERAID

•  WaterAids vision is of a world where everyone
  has access to safe waterand effective
  sanitation.
• WaterAid works in both rural and urban areas, and
  currently has programmes in 15 countries in
  Africa and Asia.
•  
• Clean water and sanitation are essential for life
  and all people should have affordable access to
  them.
• Water, sanitation and hygiene education must be
  integrated to give maximum health benefits
• Decision-making must be delegated to local
  partner organisations and communities as far as
  possible, to avoid dependency and encourage
  sustainability
• Local people must be actively involved in
  planning, constructing, managing and maintaining
  their own projects

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WATERAID

• Focus should be on the most vulnerable poor
  people, especially women and children
• The technologies used should be appropriate and
  cost effective
• The cost per beneficiary should be kept low
• Focusing on long-term development is crucial, but
  WaterAid will endeavour to respond to natural
  disasters and emergency situations in the places
  where it works
• It is appropriate to seek support and approval
  from local and national authorities for
  WaterAid-funded

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WATERAID PROJECTS

• Case 1 A people's project
• The Hitosa gravity scheme is seen as one
  of WaterAid's most successful projects in the
  country. It is part of the largest water supply
  project in Ethiopia constructed by more than
  60,000 people in 31 communities, who now all have
  safe water close to their homes.
• Haji Hamada from Ada Shaki village explained 'I
  am excavating the trench with my community to get
  safe water. I have four children and we all have
  severe problems with water. We used to walk for
  two hours to the ponds or stream. Now we are very
  happy. I have been involved in collecting the
  money, and paid 45 birr (4.50) towards the
  project. Each family pays and is given five
  metres of trench to dig. I hope to finish it in
  two hours.

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WATERAID PROJECTS

•  
• Case 2 Improving health
• Sister Marta Asefa works for WaterAid teaching
  health and hygiene to rural communities. 'Before
  I joined WaterAid I was a nurse and most of the
  patients we saw suffered from water related
  diseases.' 'Now I teach people about hygiene and
  sanitation. I ask them about diseases in their
  village and teach them how to stay healthy. I
  tell them about the importance of clean water and
  latrines, how to look after their children and
  clean the compounds. For example if a child has
  scabies, I tell them they should wash their
  children and clothes regularly to avoid this skin
  disease. I like teaching people so they can
  control their own health and not have any
  diseases. If they listen, they will be healthier
  and be able to save money that they normally
  spend on medicines.'

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WATERAID IN ETHIOPIA

• Ethiopia, the fourth largest country in Africa,
  is one of the poorest and driest that WaterAid
  works in. It is very mountainous and most of the
  population live in scattered rural communities on
  the temperate fertile plateau in the centre and
  south of the country.
• Only 24 of the population have access to safe
  water supplies and only 15 have adequate
  sanitation. This makes Ethiopia among the lowest
  in the world with respect to access to safe water
  and sanitation. Water related diseases are rife
  and health services are limited.
• Reports indicate that the lack of safe drinking
  water is probably the single most important cause
  of preventable diseases among the Ethiopian
  population. Collecting water from long distances,
  especially during the dry season, contributes
  significantly to the drudgery of household chores
  and burden on women members of households. These
  household chores divert scarce family labour,
  time and energy away from productive activities
  that would otherwise increase production and
  thereby household income and food security.
• To date over 625,000 people have benefited from
  WaterAid projects in Ethiopia.
• In 1995 WaterAid helped establish Water Action, a
  local NGO, that is now seen as an established
  major player in the country's water and
  sanitation sector.
• Since 1998 WaterAid has provided 10,000 people in
  the slums of Addis Ababa with sanitation
  facilities and cheaper, safe water supplies.

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WORLD WATER DAY 22 MARCH

• Buckets of pennies for buckets of water
• World Water Day, 22 March, is day designated by
  the UN to consider world water issues. You can
  help make a difference this World Water Day by
  collecting buckets of pennies which WaterAid can
  help turn in to buckets of safe clean drinking
  water for people living in Africa and Asia.

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THE THIRD WORLD WATER FORUM

• Time to act on global water crisis forum
• March 17 2003 By Claire Miller
• The Third World Water Forum opened yesterday with
  a consensus that it was long past time to act on
  the global crisis in water security. But
  uncertainty prevails about the best ways to
  promote more efficient use of the resource and
  bring clean water and sanitation to another 700
  million people.
• About 1.4 billion people do not have access to
  clean water and 2.3 billion lack adequate
  sanitation. Those two factors contribute to seven
  million deaths a year from water-borne diseases,
  including the deaths of 2.2 million children.
• A commitment to halve the numbers denied clean
  water and sanitation by 2015 was one of the few
  concrete targets to come out of last year's
  United Nations World Summit on Sustainable
  Development in Johannesburg.