Some perspectives on development

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Some perspectives on development
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Common CharacteristicsPolitics and Leadership

• Leadership, Governance, and Effective Government
• Political leadership and effective, pragmatic and
  when needed activist government
• A focus on inclusive growth combined with
  persistence and determination
• Willingness to experiment, act in face of
  uncertainty about policy impacts, and avoid
  paralysis
• Government that acts in the interests of all the
  citizens of the country as opposed to itself or
  subgroups

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Where do we come from in development cooperation

• Start 1949 technical assistance through UNDP in
  Indonesia

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Where are we now?

• Full fledged programme with
• Transfers of cash
• Technical advice
• NGO funding
• Profit sector engagement
• Multilateral financing
• Knowledge build up
• Debt relief
• .

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How did we proceed?

• Thinking in development cooperation shifted,
  based on experience
• To be distinghuished
• Role of donor
• Role of partner
• Paradigm

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The real start 1960s

• Poor countries lacked financial, physical and
  human resources to catch up with developed
  countries.
• The gap analysis was the driving force for action
• A strong geographical feature in development
  thinking

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After the start

• As from 1970 we can distinguish between different
  phases
• Basic needs micro perspective strong
• Structural adjustment macro perspective strong
• Human development service delivery strong
• Governance ownership strong
• Integrative approaches security strong
• Throughout trade/aid balance shifting

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4 typical programmes (1)

• 1970s countervailing power
• Characteristic the expert
• Features
• Gap thinking
• Purpose to build uip countervailing power
• Technical advise
• Modesty by donor

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4 typical programmes (2)

• 1980s counterparts
• Characteristic social mobiliser
• Features
• From gap to cooperation and exchange
• Donorship
• Island approaches
• Focus shifted to constraints

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4 typical programmes (3)

• 1990s ownership
• Characteristic the advisor
• Features
• Connectivity linking micro, sector, macro
• Sectorwide approaches
• Governance focus

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4 typical programmes (4)

• 2000 holistic, integrated approaches
• Characteristic security-development nexus
• Features
• Defense, diplomacy, development
• Accountability
• Partnership
• multitakeholder

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Paradigm shifts (1)

• Gap thinking
• investments
• Capacity building
• technical assistance
• Social mobilisation
• from power to governance
• Resolving constraints
• technocratic solutions

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Paradigm shifts (2)

• Donorship-ownership-partnership -conditionality
• Multistakeholder approaches ngos and private
  sector
• Delivery modus to knowledge modus
• Scaling up

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Policy shifts (1)

• Poverty at the core
• shifting ideas what poverty is issue-itis
• DAC model of poverty with 5 dimensions
• Governance at the core
• Public sector reform
• Public finance management
• Right based approaches

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Policy shifts (2)

• From economic growth to service delivery and back
  again
• From governance to accountability
• From eonomic stability to governance stability
• From delivery to cooperation
• From development to aid and back again

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Shifting approaches (1)

• Broadening
• DAC poverty model
• Aid coherence isues knowledge
• Multiple stakeholders in donor and partner
  countries
• Channels for aid delivery bilateral,
  multilateral, civilateral and comercial

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Shifting approaches (2)

• From solidarity to investment
• Bussineslike approaches contracts
• Conditionality from throughput conditions to
  results conditions
• Policy space a new agenda of building trust
• From technics to politics

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Shifting approaches (3)

• From partner focus to donor focus
• From projects to programmes process orientation
• Paris agenda and Accra results and evidence
• Donor coordination reducing costs only?
• Trust in donor institutions diminishing
• New grounds for multilateralism?

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Some conclusions (1)

• Development is back into public debate
• Development is as much about them as about
  us .
• Shifting ideas, paradigms and approaches are a
  sign of learning, not of experimentation
• Development is a global interest

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Some conclusions (2)

• How to organise poverty reduction as a global
  public good?
• Global public goods are affected by all public
  policies
• Coherence, knowledge and aid are intrinsinkly
  linked
• How to shift development thinking to the core of
  public policy making