Title: Historical Studies
1Historical Studies
2Overview
3Influences
- Industrialisation urbanisation
- Social classes
- Communications
- Religious secular groups
4Popular Recreation
5Public Schools Athleticism
6Rational Recreation
7Elementary School Developments from Drill to
Physical Education
- The Emergence of Physical Education
- Effects of 2nd World War
- Moving Growing
- Expansion into the 1960s
8Social Determinants which Influenced the
Development of Sport PE
- Communications and the Development of Sport
- Sport and the Age of the Stage Coach
- Rail Travel and Sport
- Cycling and Road Improvement
9Progression of Activities - Contests
- Rational recreation -
- Activities boxing, fencing, archery
- Social class involvement, organisation
codification clubs, governing bodies,
championships - Regularisation societal respectability
recreational, respectable, professional
10Progression of Activities - Games
- Rational Recreation
- Activities invasion games, target games, court
games - Social class involvement, organisation
codification clubs, governing bodies,
championships - Regularisation societal respectability
recreational, professional
11Progression of Activities Outdoor Activities
- Rational Recreation
- Activities rowing, yachting dinghy sailing,
mountaineering rock climbing, skiing, canoeing,
cycling - Social class involvement, organisation
codification clubs, governing bodies,
championships, romanticism conquest
12Progression of Activities Individual Activities
- Rational Recreation
- Activities amateur athletics, swimming,
gymnastics - Social class involvement, organisation
codification clubs, governing bodies,
championships, fitness - Regularisation societal respectability
recreational, respectable
13Popular Recreation
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15Athleticism in 19th Century English Public Schools
16Boys Athleticism
17Girls Athleticism
18Relationships between Public School PE Sport in
Society - 19th Century
- Conceptual
- Institutional
Education -
- PE
-
- middle upper classes
- Elitist Catharsis Character development Health D
efence Empire - Leisure Class Participation through
Stringent organisation
Nationalism - amateurism competition
- Sport Society
19Relationship between Public Schools Sport in
Society - Activities
20Relationship between Public Schools Sport in
Society Continued
21Question - Describe the growth of Athleticism in
the 19th Century Public Schools
- Introduction -
- Athleticism association of character training
ethic of manliness with physical activities. - Statement of intent chronological description
centred on the Barbarian examples, illustrating
the increase in significance scope of physical
activities, together with the growing association
with character building qualities. There are 3
developmental stages
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23In conclusion
- Gradual change in philosophy of the school
authority their attitudes ot physical
activities. - Structural changes from primitive acts organised
by the boys in their own free time to a
compulsory subect dominating the rest of the
curriculum. - Fundamentally registering a change from
intellectual based education system to one
promoting moral social standards to produce a
quality of life for young gentlemen, expressed in
the vitality of Muscular Christianity patriotic
nationalism.
24Values in Athleticism (preparation for a
leadership role in society)
- Socialisation Asceticism
- (loyalty to the group) (moral / physical
commitment) - Social Psychological Physical
- to avoid too much to form manly virtues to
produce robust, active fit men - excitement
- Social cohesion conforming promoting
physical health - to authority good habits
- leadership loyalty
- Preventing anti-social stop over-studying
toughen - Behaviour up indulgent society
- games elite
- Status of games over work competitive
experience constructive - use of leisure time
25Rational Recreation (in Victorian England)
26Rational Recreation continued
- 1. Activities challenge / competition (physical
endeavour / moral integrity) - Individual Activities Games
- Outdoor swimming
athletics gymnastics contests games - Pursuits
- fluid fixed court
- 2. Social orientation
- Class amateur professional
- exclusivity conciliation spectator
- 3. Organisation
- Regularisation codification stringent
administration
27Rational Recreation continued
- 4. Social agencies relationships
- internal
- Schools industry religious
secular - Athleticism industrial associations
associations - sports clubs eg YMCA eg
volunteers - societal impact
- 5. Social Factors
- Classification urbanisation free time
communications - population expansion
solvency travel media - Political climate Economic
Climate - Geographical Situation
28PE in (State) Elementary (Primary) Schools
1870-1960
PE in (State) Elementary (primary) Schools
1870-1960
29Lesson Activities
30Relationships between State School PE Sport in
Society - 20th Century
- Working classes
-
- Drill Occasional Pub Sports
- preparedness limited free time
traditional - Health obedience
- P.T. Organised Games
- Opportunities
- as amateurs Professional
- spectator roles
-
- P.E. Widening
- Shared concepts Access to Sport Recreation
31Relationships between State School PE Sport in
Society - 20th Century
- Equality of provision similar in state education
leisure. Enthusiastic teachers developed
athletics games as extra-curricular. These led
to clubs like cricket in Worcestershire in 1886
teams were boys teachers. Gym clubs formed. - 19th Century view upper middle classes should
pay for working classes to be educated, but not
for games resulting in only drill being
developed - Minimal provision of buildings, no special PE
facilities or playing fields - London inter school football matches, swimming
mainly for boys, usually without financial aid - 1st World War attitudes changed towards values
rights of working class to recreation in
society as a feature of PE. - Swedish Drill adopted, undermining the
development of apparatus gymnastics limited
recruitment into gym clubs