Biohazardous Protocols

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Chapter 4

• Biohazardous Protocols

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Classification and Management of Wounds

• Wounds involve a compromise to the integumentary
  (skin) system.
• Classifications
• Abrasions
• Avulsions
• Incisions
• Lacerations
• Punctures

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Wounds
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Abrasion

• Outer layer of skin is damaged.
• Superficial wound.
• Bleeding is limited (capillaries damage).
• Very painful due to nerve endings being damaged.
• Particles could be embedded in skin which
  increases infection risk.

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Abrasion
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Abrasion Treatment

• Use latex gloves.
• Clean area with soap and water.
• Gentle scrub dirt away from wound.
• Apply Neosporin ointment to a bandage and gentle
  apply bandage over wound.

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Abrasion Follow-up Care

• Change dressing daily.
• Allow to air out at night.
• Keep wound clean.

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Avulsion

• A forcible separation or tearing of tissue from
  the body (skin flap).
• Heavy and rapid bleeding.

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Avulsion
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Avulsion Care

• Use latex gloves!
• Clean around the wound being careful to not wipe
  anything into wound.
• Apply sterile gauze pad over wound.
• Wrap avulsed body part in sterile gauze.
• Place body part in a cold container.
• Take victim to hospital tetanus is possible.

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Incision

• A sharp-cut wound caused by a sharp object like
  glass or metal.
• Deep cuts will cause rapid and heavy bleeding.
• May damage muscles, tendons, ligaments, and/or
  nerves.

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Incision treatment

• Use latex gloves.
• Clean with disinfectant (superficial wounds).
• Apply Neosporin to a sterile gauze bandage and
  gently cover wound.
• See a physician tetanus is possible.

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Incision Follow-up care

• Change dressing daily.
• Keep wound clean.
• Watch for infections.

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Laceration

• An irregular tear in the soft tissue (skin).

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Laceration Cont

• Example
• Being struck with a projectile (rock).
• Colliding heads.
• Being kicked.
• Initial and Follow Care
• Same as Incisions.

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Puncture

• A small hole in the tissue produced by an object
  piercing the skin layers.
• External bleeding is limited.
• Internal damage/bleeding may be extensive.

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Puncture Care

• Initial
• Use latex gloves.
• Clean around the wound.
• DO NOT remove anything from the wound.
• Bandage punctured item in place.
• Refer to physician.
• Tetanus shot.

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Puncture cont

• Follow up
• Change dressings regularly.
• Watch for infection. Infections more likely
  because puncture wounds lack the external
  bleeding that flushes a wound.

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Biohazard - Gloves

• -Always use latex gloves when treating an athlete
  with exposed body fluids.
• -Provide a barrier between trainer and the
  wound/body fluid.
• -Should be worn at all times when evaluating an
  athletepossible undiscovered, open wound.

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Gloves cont

• -Protects against body fluids
• -blood from a wound.
• -serum/pus fluid from a blister.
• -vomit from an ill athlete.
• -saliva
• -urine/fecal matter.

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Gloves cont

• Latex gloves general guidelines
• -Protective value diminishes after 10-15 minutes.
• -If gloves tear, replace them immediately.
• -Wear the proper size glove.
• -After use Gloves and contaminated materials
  should be disposed of properly in a biohazard
  infectious waste container.

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Biohazard cont

• -Athletic Trainer should properly clean the
  contaminated athletic training room/location.
• -Bleach water solution1/10 bleach/water.
• -A bleach/water solution keeps its effectiveness
  for about 24 hours (1day).
• -The bloodborne pathogens of most concern are
• HIV
• Hepatitis B

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• In 1994 the National Federation of State High
  School Associations adopted its 9 point
  Communicable Disease Procedures
• 1. Stop bleeding and remove blood from uniforms.
• 2. Use precautions when handling body fluids.
• 3. Wash body surfaces exposed to body fluids.
• 4. Clean all surfaces and equipment before
  resuming play.
• 5. Properly dispose of sharps and body fluids.
• 6. Use artificial ventilation devices when
  performing CPR.
• 7. Support personnel must follow precautions if
  their skin is broken.
• 8. Proper cleaning and/or disposal of blood
  soaked towels.
• 9. Follow accepted guidelines for controlling
  bleeding.