Pulses Have Clear Benefits For Consumers

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Pulses Have Clear Benefits For Consumers

• Guy Coudert
• CICILS

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Who are the consumers ?

• Difficult to answer
• North/South ?
• East/West ?
• Developped countries/Developping countries ?
• Or

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Consumers in a changing world
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Consumers in a changing world

• Life expectancy
• Swaziland 32
• Andorra 83

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Consumers in a changing world Why arent you
worried about climate change/global warming?
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What Does the Consumers Want?
4 megatrends
Health/ Well-Being
Indulgence/ Pleasure
Ethical
Convenience/ Practicality
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GDP / Household expenditures on food
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Health Well Being
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Globesity" - A major public health

• The global epidemic of overweight and obesity is
  rapidly becoming a major public health problem in
  many parts of the world.
• Paradoxically coexisting with undernutrition in
  developing countries.
• The increasing prevalence of overweight and
  obesity is associated with many diet-related
  chronic diseases including
• diabetes mellitus,
• cardiovascular disease,
• stroke, hypertension and,
• certain cancers.

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The International Classification of adult
underweight, overweight and obesity

• BMI classification Body Mass Index (BMI) is a
  simple index of weight-for-height that is
  commonly used to classify underweight, overweight
  and obesity in adults.
• BMI 70 kg / (1.75 m)2 70 / 3,0625 22.9

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The International Classification of adult
underweight, overweight and obesity
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FAO World Overweigth (Obese pre-Obese)
USA 66,4UK 67,8Saudi Arabia 73,4
Tunisia 43,9 Ireland 44,0 Belgium 44,1
India 45 Laos 9,4 Ghana 11,24
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Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in
900 000 adults

• Results of a collaborative analyses of 57
  prospective studies The Lancet, 28 March 2009
• In both sexes, mortality was lowest at about
  22525 kg/m2.
• Above this range, each 5 kg/m2 higher BMI was on
  average associated with about 30 higher overall
  mortality

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The relations with pulses?
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• When selecting and preparing meat, poultry, dry
  beans, and milk or milk products, make choices
  that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free.
• Vegetarians could select only nuts, seeds, and
  legumes from the meat and beans group.
• Women and Folic Acid
• A daily intake of 400 µg/day of synthetic folic
  acid (from fortified foods or supplements in
  addition to food forms of folate from a varied
  diet).
• It is not known whether the same level of
  protection could be achieved by using food that
  is naturally rich in folate.

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France PNNS Dietary recommandations
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Leguminous seeds

• Leguminous seeds that are consumed as food are
  chickpea, lentil, bean, pea, kidney-bean and
  soybean.
• Because its dietary fibre content is high and its
  fat content is low, they must be placed in diets
  of cardiac patients.
• To increase protein quality they must be consumed
  with cereal grains.
• They must be consumed with foods that are rich of
  vitamin C, for beneficence of minerals,
  especially iron
• To maintain the balance between height and on the
  basis of it appropriate weight is the key for
  long and healthy life.

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• Variety in food is not only the spice of life but
  also the essence of nutrition and health.
• Cereals, millets and pulses are major sources of
  most nutrients.
• Inclusion of eggs, flesh foods and fish enhances
  the quality of diet. However, vegetarians can
  derive almost all the nutrients on
  cereal/pulse/milk-based diets.

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• Traditionally, Chinese diets have been composed
  mainly of cereals. With the development of the
  economy and the rise in the living standard in
  China there is a trend toward consuming more
  animal foods.
• According to the result of the National Nutrition
  Survey conducted in 1992, the consumption of
  animal foods in higher income families has
  already exceeded the consumption of cereals.
• Such a "westernized" or "affluent"diet contains
  inappropriately high amounts of energy and fat
  and inappropriately low amounts of dietary fiber.
  
• This type of diet may lead to higher incidence of
  a variety of chronic disorders.
• To remind people to maintain the favorable
  traditional Chinese diet and avoid the dietary
  problems encountered in developed countries,the
  Commission stresses that our diet should be based
  on cereals.

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Going from West to East

• Canada and USA Western Diets
• French Paradox
• Turkey/India/China diets

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status

• Mediterranean diet and risk for Alzheimer's
  disease (Annals of Neurology)
• A total of 2,258 community-based nondemented
  individuals in New York were prospectively
  evaluated during 4 years.
• Higher adherence to the MeDi was associated with
  lower risk for AD

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status

• The prevention of dementia International (Journal
  of Geriatric Psychiatry)
• Dementia is prevalent in older adults and the
  population is ageing.
• Having education and maintaining a Mediterranean
  diet, have been linked to a lower incidence of
  dementia

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status

• Conformity to traditional Mediterranean diet and
  cancer incidence (British Journal of Cancer )
• Adherence to traditional Mediterranean diet (MD)
  has been reported to be inversely associated with
  total, as well as cardiovascular, mortality.
• Degree of adherence to the traditional MD was
  assessed through a 10-point scale (0 minimal 9
  maximal) that incorporated key dietary
  characteristics. During a median follow-up of 7.9
  years and 188 042 total person-years
• A two-point increase in the score corresponded to
  a 12 reduction in cancer incidence

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status

• Hazard ratios for incident cancer by score in the
  mediterranean Diet Scale among 25 623 cohort
  participants

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Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Status

• Incidence and relative risk of type 2 diabetes
  during follow-up according to adherence to
  Mediterranean food pattern

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Pulses have clear benefits

• Pregnant women and children have specific needs
• Children
• Adults
• Old persons
• They all have different needs

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Food Intake and Social Inequalities
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Healthy Diets What guidelines?

• Highest rates of obesity occur among populations
  groups whith highest poverty rates
• Diets on refined grains, added sugars and fats
  are more affordable than diets based on lean
  meats, fish, fresh vegetables and fruit
• Rising rates of obesity in industrialized
  societies have been linked to the growing
  consumption of fast foods, snacks, caloric
  beverages, sweets and desserts (University of
  Washington, Seattle, USA)

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Diet Quality and Health of the Poor

• Deficiencies of essential micronutrients are now
  recognized as the most widespread nutritional
  problem facing the world today, especially among
  women and children.
• As a result of the nutrition transition, hunger
  among the poor also manifests itself in
  over-consumption of cheap, energy-rich, but
  nutrient-poor, foods, leading to obesity in
  populations still affected by high rates of
  micronutrient deficiency.
• This nutrition transition, which is rooted in the
  processes of globalization, is not just affecting
  the affluent.
• Obesity and related diseases are now problems for
  poor countries and poor people.

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Diet Quality and Health of the Poor

• Obesity leads to diet-related chronic diseases
  such as heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.
  
• Developing countries thus now face a double
  burden of malnutrition (under- and over) and
  associated diseases (infectious and chronic).
• Policies are needed to address both micronutrient
  deficiency and obesity, sometimes in very
  different communities, sometimes in the same.
  This is a serious nutritional and public health
  challenge.

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What is the impact of high world food prices -
who benefits and who loses?

• The global cost of imported foodstuffs has jumped
  by at least 20 percent since 2006 to the highest
  level on record.
• It is evident that, when food prices rise,
  consumers are the first to suffer.
• Especially in low-income and food-deficit
  countries, rising food prices translate into
  hefty increases of food import bills with
  negative impacts on the balance of payments.
• For several years, consumers around the world
  have benefited from low food prices.

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What is the impact of high world food prices -
who benefits and who loses?

• In many countries, farmers could only grow
  agricultural crops thanks to strong government
  support.
• Most developing countries could not afford to
  provide such support measures. As a result,
  investment in agriculture has declined and many
  poorer countries became increasingly dependent on
  imports to meet their domestic food requirements.
  
• If todays high prices really trickle down to the
  farm level in developing countries, they could
  have a very positive impact on food production
  and convert agriculture into an engine of growth
  and employment, especially in rural areas.

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