Welcome to our tour

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Welcome to our tour!
Ellen Cho Rose Arone Christine Biondi Kelly Flynn
Plant Taxonomy 2000
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St. Josephs University Greenhouse is located on
top of the Science Center overlooking the nearby
city of Philadelphia This will be site of our
evolutionary tour highlighting selected families
of seedless plants and flowering plants.
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Seedless Vascular Plants
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Psilotaceae

• Commonly known as whisk ferns
• most primitive of the seedless, vascular plants
• no true leaves or roots and primitive vascular
  system
• non photosynthetic -obtains nutrition from
  mycorrhizal symbiosis

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Equisetaceae

• Includes horse-tails and scouring rushes
• reduced leaves (all hollow and jointed stems)

• Photosynthetic homosporous
• spores with elaters
• flagellated sperm
• includes silica in the stems

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Selaginellaceae

• Heterosporous
• microphylls
• spores along the leaves, not in strobili

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Pteridaceae

• Maidenhair family
• flagellated sperm
• photosynthetic gametophytes
• no sexual reproduction (reproduce by shoots)
• false indusia
• homosporous
• leptosporangia

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Dryopteridaceae

• Wood fern family
• true indusia (see next slide)
• homosporous
• photosynthetic gametophytes
• leptosporangia

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True indusia
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Polypodiaceae

• Staghorn fern family
• simple leaves
• photosynthetic homosporous gametophytes
• no indusia

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Angiosperms
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Fabaceae

• Three subfamilies Mimosoideae, Caesalpinioideae,
  Papilionoideae.
• single carpel
• fruit a legume or loment
• nitrogen fixation in roots

Mimosoideae
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Economic importance of Fabaceae
Seeds and pods are used for food for example
peanuts, peas, and beans.
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Rutaceae

• Citrus family
• punctate and scented leaves
• fruit a hesperidium
• includes oranges. lemons and, grapefruits--
  important food crops

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Rutaceae flowers are perfect, regular and have
4-5 sepals and petals. They have 4-10
stamens and 2-5 connate carpels. Also includes a
nectary disk.
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Apiaceae

• Herbs in temperate regions
• alternate, bassal, compound leaves with sheathing
  petioles and oil tubules
• compound umbel inflourescence
• 2 fused carpels
• includes carrots, cilantro, and parsley

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Apocyanaceae

• Dogbane family
• many are toxic
• milky sap
• 5 sepals, petals, and stamens
• 2 connate carpels
• includes the periwinkle plant which contains the
  anti-cancer drug Vincristine

Nerium oleander
Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle)
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Asclepiadaceae

• Milkweed family
• milky sap
• leaves usually opposite
• corona derived from stamens
• fruit a pair of follicles
• many seeded seeds often tufted with hairs for
  dispersal

Monarch butterfly larva feed on leaves
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Solanaceae

• Most leaves are pinnately compound
• filaments adnate to the corolla
• fruit a capsule or berry
• includes many New World plants
• 5 sepals, petals, stamens
• 2 fused carpels, superior ovary

Nicotiana
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The Solanaceae family contains the common tomato,
potato, green pepper, and tobacco plant. Also
included in this family is the nightshade plant,
Atropa belladonna, from where atropine is
derived.
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Convolvulaceae
Morning glory family herbs with twining
stems radial, perfect flowers with fused
petals, pleated buds 5 stamens adnate to the
corolla superior ovary with 2 locules fruit a
capsule
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Lamiaceae

• Mint family
• flowers have perfect, bilateral symmetry
• 4-angled stems and opposite leaves
• verticillate inflourescences
• gynobasic style
• fruit composed of 4 nutlets

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Economically important Lamiaceae include basil,
sage, lavender, mint, and Lippia dulcis
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Scrophulariaceae

• Figwort family
• mostly herbs
• flowers are bilabiate, perfect
• fruit is a many seeded capsule
• some are hemiparasites
• foxglove contains digitalin- a cure for
  congestive heart failure

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Rubiaceae
Coffea arabica

• Coffee family
• leaves opposite or whorled
• fruit a berry or capsule
• sepals, petals, stamens, 4-5
• 2 connate carpels
• coffee is an important economic staple

Galium
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Malvaceae

• Cotton family
• palmate venation in leaves
• stamens fused to make a column
• fruit is a capsule

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Passifloraceae
Tropical herbs, shrubs and vines alternate
leaves, simple to palmate sepals, petals,
stamens pften 5 3-5 fused carpels, superior
ovary fruit a berry or capsule with parietal
placentation
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Nyctaginaceae
Herbs and shrubs various inflorescences
subtended by involucres, may be flower-like 5
fused petaloid sepals - no petals stamens 1-30
opposite the lobes of the sepals 1 carpel, ovary
superior fruit an achene
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In order to understand some of the plant
characteristics that have appeared on our tour,
the following vocabulary list may be
helpful. Homosporous- spores produced by the
plant are the same Heterosporous- spores are
divided into large megaspores which eventually
develop into famale bodies, and microspores which
develop into male bodies Gametophyte- phase in
the life cycle of a plant that gives rise to
gametes Sporophyte- phase in the life cycle
that produces spores Photosynthetic-
characteristic of a plant in which the plant uses
the suns energy to make glucose
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Mycorrhizal symbiosos- a relationship between a
fungus and plant root in which the plant receives
carbon Indusium- a covering, or flap of tissue
that covers sori in ferns) Sori- group of spores
usually on the underside of a leaf Carpel-
female structures protecting the ovules which
house the ovaries in a flowering plant Stamen-
male reproductive structure comprised of anthers
and filaments in a flowering plant Perfect-
describes a flower with both male and female
segments Imperfect- describes a flower lacking
either a stamen or carpel Monecious- a plant
with male and female flowers
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Dioecious- a plant whose flowers are either male
or female Connate- describes fusion of like
plant parts Adnate- a plant with fusion of
unlike plant parts Syncarpous- a plant whose
carpels are fused Apocarpous- a plant whose
carpels are distinct Superior ovary- the ovary
is located on top of the petals and
sepals Inferior ovary- petals and sepals are
above the ovary Hypanthium- a cup of fused
sepals, petals, and stamen base often forms a
nectar disc Placentation- attachment of the
ovule to the ovary wall
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Fruit- a mature ovary Inflouresence- a group of
flowers from one plant
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Rose, Christine, Kelly and Ellen would like to
give a very Brady thank you to Dr. Karen
Snetselaar and Dr. John Tudor for their help
with our project