Ch' 23 Notes

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Ch. 23 Notes
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Cardiovascular system components
Heart Arteries Capillaries Veins
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Heart
Animation
4 Chambers right atria left atria right
ventricle left ventricle valves separate
chambers aorta major artery vena cava major
vein pulmonary artery and vein
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Blood Vessels

• 3 Types of Blood Vessels
• Artery
• Capillary
• Vein

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Arteries

• Arteries Always carries blood Away from the heart
• Thick walls to support pressure from heart
  pumping
• Usually bright red due to highly oxygenated blood
• Aorta major artery supplying bodys blood
• Coronary artery supplies hearts blood
• Carotid artery supplies brains blood
• Pulmonary artery supplies lungs blood (low O2
  darker)

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Capillaries

• Smallest of all blood vessels single file
• Where the diffusion of gases and other molecules
  takes place (things entering and leaving your
  blood)
• No cell in your body is more than 3 or 4 cells
  away from a capillary

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Veins

• Always take blood towards the heart
• Thinner than arteries
• Darker color due to less oxygenated blood
• Vena Cava major vein returning bodys blood
• Jugular vein vein returning brains blood
• Pulmonary vein returning lungs blood (high O2
  bright)

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Blood Flow

• Pulmonary Circulation heart to lungs and back
• Systemic Circulation heart to rest of body and
  back

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Atherosclerosis When cholesterol builds up in
the walls of blood vessels and restricts blood
flow Blood Pressure (hypertension) Systolic
pressure in arteries when ventricles
contract Diastolic pressure in arteries when
ventricles relax When it is too high, blood
vessels can be damaged or rupture. Heart Attacks
/ Heart Failure Heart attack - when heart muscle
cells die and part of the heart is damaged. Too
many cells dying could cause the heart to
stop. Heart failure not enough blood being
pumped to the body. Important organs may suffer
or stop working.
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Blood

• 3 Functions
• __________ ? sends nutrients and oxygen
  throughout your body
• __________ ? protects your body against antigens
• __________ ? clots to stop bleeding after a cut
  or bruise

55 Plasma mostly water
Transport
44 RBC
Immunity
1 WBC and platelets
Healing
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Plasma

• Liquid
• Mostly _________
• Functions
• Transport
• Carries hormones and wastes
• Makes up 55 of the blood

H2O
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Red Blood Cells (____________)
erythrocytes

• Most numerous
• Formed in the bone marrow
• Functions
• Carries oxygen and nutrients to body and waste
  back
• Filled with the protein hemoglobin, which
  contains iron (makes your blood red, like rust)

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White Blood Cells (____________)
leukocytes

• Larger than RBCs
• Immunity
• Functions
• Fight off invading organisms (pathogens)
• Release antibodies to help identify pathogens
• Destroy damaged/infected cells

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Platelets

• Small pieces of cells from bone marrow
• Functions
• Healing
• Collect around cuts and produce fibrin to make a
  net to stop bleeding

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Blood Type

• Every person has one of four blood types A, B,
  AB, or O. Your blood type refers to the type of
  antigens you have on the surface of your RBCs.
• Antigens the markers that identify what kind of
  blood you have.
• Antibodies the markers that look for foreign
  blood types to attack.

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• Transfusion replacing your blood with someone
  elses due to blood loss during surgery or an
  injury.

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Lymphatic System

• Like another circulatory system
• Group of tissues and organs that collects excess
  fluid and returns it to your blood
• Helps fight pathogens

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• Lymph capillaries absorb fluid and small
  particles (dead cells/pathogens) near cells
• Lymphatic vessels carry this lymph back towards
  your neck where it drains into veins of the
  cardiovascular system

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• Lymph nodes small bean shaped masses of tissue
  that remove pathogens and dead cells from the
  lymph
• Lymphocytes are types of WBCs that fill lymph
  nodes and attack pathogens
• Lymph nodes get swollen when you have an
  infection. Why???

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• Thymus gland that makes T cells ready to fight
• Spleen soft and spongy organ that
• produces lymphocytes
• recycles old/damaged RBCs
• Tonsils tissue that stores WBCs and fights
  infections

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Respiration vs. Breathing

• Respiration obtaining and using O2 and getting
  rid of CO2 and H2O
• Breathing inhaling and exhaling

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vocal cords
pharynx
trachea
larynx
lung
bronchus
bronchiole
diaphragm
alveoli
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Gas Exchange
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Breathing