Origins: The Universe to Society

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Origins The Universe to Society
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Group Members

• Michel Waller
• Amy Jalutkewicz
• Carlynne Noel
• Norma Gonzalez
• Stephanie Harris

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Human Origins

• Early thought
• New species discovery
• Australopithecus africanus
• Australopithecus robustus
• Australopithecus afarensis
• Ardipithecus ramidus
• Australopitehcus anamensis
• Australopithecus boisei

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Early Thought

• Darwin Huxley predicted that humans and African
  apes had a common ancestor.
• These predictions were made in the late 1800s.

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Australopithecus africanus

• Discovered in 1925 by Raymond Dart
• Small-brained, upright walking seen as
  intermediate between human and ape
• Discovery ignited more searches for hominid
  fossils in Africa

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Australopithecus robustus

• Large, flat faces, enourmous chewing teeth,
  massive chewing muscles
• Became extinct 1- 1.5 million years after its
  first appearance

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Australopithecus afarensis

• Called Lucy
• Oldest known species of hominid
• Approximately 3.2 million years old
• Ape-like features

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Ardipithecus ramidus

• Discovered in 1994
• Suspected to be a quadraped
• Thin dental enamellike chimps

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Australopitehcus anamensis

• Discovered in 1995
• Thick dental enamel
• Dental structure was ape-like

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Australopithecus boisei

• Discovered in 1959
• Originally called ZinjanthropusEast African Man
• Shifted searches for fossils from Southern to
  Eastern Africa

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Language Origins

• Indo-European Languages
• Proto-Indo-European
• Eurasiatic
• Meaning to Evolution

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Indo-European Languages

• Romance languages stem from Latin
• Common Latin roots for the word hand (manus)
• Rumanianmina
• Italianmano
• Frenchmain
• Spanishmano

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Indo-European Derivation
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Proto-Indo-European Languages

• Proto-Indo-European was spoken at least 1000
  years before the invention of writing
• The two theories of Proto-Indo-European
• Has no known relatives
• Is related to a set of language families spread
  from northern North America to northern Eurasia.

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Proto-Indo-European Derivation
Indo-European
Korean
Uralic Finnish Estonian Hungarian
Altaic Turkish Mongolian Manchu
Eurasiatic
Chukchi-Kamchatkan Chukhi
Gilyau
Japanese
Eskimo-Aleut Eskimo Aleut
Ainu
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Eurasiatic

• Root of Proto-Indo-European
• Various roots found in other languages
  (Tikfinger, one)
• Turkishtek (only)
• Japanesete (hand)
• Latindig-itus (finger)
• Eskimotik-iq (index finger)

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Meaning to Evolution

• Homo sapiens rose 100,000 yrs ago and behaved in
  the same ways
• Refined stylized artifacts (blades, etc.)
• Art appeared for the first time
• Burials became ritualized
• Expansions of modern people out of Africa led to
  the replacement of non-modern people

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Meaning to Evolution

• These factors signify that it is likely (from
  linguistic, genetic, and archaeological evidence)
  that modern humans share a recent common origin

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• I think of true romantic love as a gift.
• A gift so precious.
• Its priceless.
• Its indescribable.
• And its very rare.

• True romantic love.

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Beautiful thought?
• I thought so!!
• But like everything else in this world we have to
  have proof.
• Proof of what I ask

• The origin.
• Biological proof.

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Love poems.
• Dates back to the first century BC in ancient
  Rome.
• Love story of Isis Osiris.
• Was recorded in Egypt 3,000 years ago.

• Love poems stories

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Anthropologist.
• William Jankowiak.
• Edward Fischer.
• Examined 166 traditional cultures.
• Found evidence of romantic love in 88.

• Evidence
• Love songs.
• People eloped.
• Folklore displayed.
• Romantic entanglements.

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Physiologist Dorothy Tennov.
• Sent out a questionnaire.
• She asked a question from which she identified .

• Characteristics of being in love!
• Attraction.
• Infatuation.
• Dr Tennov calls it.
• LIMERENCE.

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Limerence.
• Begins the moment another person takes on
  special meaning.
• It could be.
• An old friend
• Or a complete stranger.

• Special meaning

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Characteristics of Limerence.
• Intrusive thinking.
• Crystallization.
• Concentration on only the positive features and
  personality.
• Elated emotions.

• Emotions.
• Hope, apprehension.
• Uncertainty, shyness.
• Awkwardness.
• Fear of rejection.

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Role of culture.
• Whom we find attractive.
• When we begin to court.
• How one pursues the potential mate.

• It develops an unconscious mental template or
  love map of the ones we choose.
• Barriers seem to enhance infatuation.
• Stimulated by the mysterious.

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Biologically.
• According to psychiatrist Michael Liebowitz.
• All the emotions one feels when infatuated or in
  love.
• Is generated by brain and body.

• Elation comes when Neurons in the limbic stem of
  the brain becomes saturated by natural
  amphetamines.
• Elation during infatuation ends when levels of
  these amphetamines drop.

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Attachment.
• Second stage of romantic love.
• A new chemical system. Takes over.
• Peptide neurotransmitters.
• Chemically related to
• morphine.

• Effects

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The Origin of Romantic Love

• Detachment.
• Third stage of romantic love.
• Brains receptor site overloads.
• Attachment wanes.
• Setting up the mind for separation.

• Effects

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RELIGIOUS ORIGINS

• By Norma Gonzalez

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BEGINNINGS AND STAGES

• Stages of Human Origins
• Homo Erectus so far no evidence of religion
• Homo Sapiens evidence of religion through
  burial practices
• Cro-Magnon Man evidence of language and religion

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THEORIES OF THE ORIGINS
OF RELIGION
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FIRST MAJOR THEORY

• Belief that earlier people believed in a
  supernatural power not personally connected to
  them
• This stage is known as animatism

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SECOND MAJOR THEORY

• Simple to Complex
• Religion began with a simple idea and evolved
  into forms of religion we know today
• Animismis a simple idea of religion defined as
  a belief in souls separable from the body
• Developed belief of souls in nature and also the
  belief in the after life

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OTHER THEORIES

• Earlier cultures believed in magic and
  witchcraft
• If witchcraft did not work then they resorted to
  deities

• Religion had a social beginning evolving from
  tribal dance and ritual
• Religion came from a search for a higher power

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SKEPTICS

• There is enough historical evidence to show that
  earlier peoples believed in one GOD

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OBSERVATIONS
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FIRST OBSERVATION

• Religion with concept of a higher definable
  being above humans is knew
• Earlier peoples of different cultures had a
  different definition of religion
• Connected to the environment

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SECOND OBSERVATION

• Some everyday occurrences of life were eventually
  connected with religion
• Four ideas subjective feeling, needs of
  society, artistic expression, consciousness of
  ultimate reality
• Four ideas formed story of creation and of God
  

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RELIGION, LANGUAGE AND HUMAN THOUGHT

• Religion depends on language for meaning
• The origin of language will lead to origin of
  religion
• Language tool for thinking
• Words are learned from society
• Society gives words religious meaning
• Religious language helps understand life and
  death
• Religious language dictates social behavior

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SHAMANISM

• Shamans are chosen people who have special
  healing powers and the ability to contact the
  spirits, gods, and the dead
• Shamans were specially important in earlier
  societies
• Other religious roles were modeled after the
  Shaman
• Shamanism marks beginning of modern religion

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CONCLUSION

• Too many theories and different points of view
• Hard to pin-point the exact origin of religion
• Perhaps a mix of everything

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Origins of Science

• Western Thinkers
• Medieval Thinkers
• Renaissance Thinkers

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Western/Aristotelian Thinkers

• Events are not supernatural - but explainable by
  nature
• Great Chain of Being
• Lasted 2000 years

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Medieval Thinkers

• Interconnection between science, religion and
  magic
• Unexplainable occurrences were performed by God

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Renaissance Thinkers

• Scholastic writings to the natural world

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Scientific Revolutions

• Copernicus Sun-centered astronomical system
• Newton Mathematical explication of celestial and
  terrestrial motion

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Modern Science

• Theories and Hypotheses
• Mathematical simplicity in nature

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Origin

• We began
• We evolved
• We are here