Free the Body and the Mind Will Follow

1
Free the Body and theMind Will Follow

• Stanford University
• Analog Device, Inc.

2
Agenda

• Experimental Design
• Summary of Results
• Future Work

3
Experimental Design

• Between-Participants Design
• Microphone array (ADI)
• Traditional headset microphone
• Three Categories of Tasks
• Creativity task
• OfficeXP voice command and control
• Information disclosure task

4
Creativity Task Design

• Ten Open-ended Creative Questions
• Five from Iron Horse Creativity scale
• Five created by researchers

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Creativity Questions

• If your feet had names, what would they be?
• If you came across a friendly alien from outer
  space, how would you greet it?
• Suppose you are a manufacturer over-stocked with
  broom handles. To market your surplus inventory,
  what other uses might you suggest to buyers?
• List several headlines that you would most want
  to read in the newspaper tomorrow.
• You have just invented a new salad dressing. List
  some ways in which you might test it before
  offering it to the public, besides trying it on
  friends and family.
• If you could ask any person from history, living
  or dead, one question, what would it be, and to
  whom would you ask it?
• List as many creative uses for a toothpick as you
  can think of.
• If you had to commit a bank robbery and did not
  want to get caught, what method would you use?
• Quickly compose a haiku (5 syllables, 7
  syllables, 5 syllables)
• Give a short fictional biography that you think
  would describe someone named Florence Patterson.

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Voice Command Task Design

• Edit a plain paragraph by voice
  command-and-control in Word
• Change format of the text, underline, bold,
  italic
• Add bullets
• Create a table, edit the table
• Save the file
• Participant is told the words to use
• Speech recognition is not perfect in either
  condition

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Information Disclosure Task Design

• Ten open-ended disclosure questions
• Origin of questions
• Self disclosure survey (Moon, 2000)
• Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding
  (Kroner Weekes, 1996)
• Selection of particular questions
• Six judges rated the disclosure levels of all
  questions
• Ten were selected with medium level of disclosure

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Disclosure Questions

• Have you ever written anonymous love letters, or
  have you ever secretly lusted after someone?
• How much money do your parents make?
• What is unsatisfactory about how popular you are?
• What is your most negative childhood memory?
• What are you most afraid of?
• What really bothers you about your roommate?
• What has been the most stressful event of the
  last six months for you?
• Have you ever physically hurt someone? What were
  the circumstances?
• Have you ever looked at pornography on the
  Internet?
• Do you think you belong at Stanford? Why or why
  not?

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Experimental Procedure

• Sequence
• Creativity
• Voice Command
• Information Disclosure

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Experimental Results

• Creativity Task
• Voice Command Task
• Disclosure Task
• Anticipatory Task

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Creativity TaskAssessment of Creativity

• TTCT Measure - Torrance Tests of Creative
  Thinking
• Fluency of ideas
• Total number of acceptable ideas
• Smoothness in expressing ideas
• Uniqueness of ideas
• Number of ideas that only one person suggested
• Novelty of ideas
• Flexibility of ideas
• Number of acceptable categories of ideas given

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Creativity Task Other Measures

• Verbosity
• Time on task
• Number of words per question
• Perceptions of themselves
• Innovative
• Challenged
• Competent
• Frustrated

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TTCT Creativity Measure
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Sample Creativity Answers
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Creativity TaskTime per Question (sec.)
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Creativity TaskWords per Question
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Creativity TaskAttitudinal Measures
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Creativity TaskAttitudinal Measures (cont.)
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Voice Command and Control Task Attitudinal
Assessment

• Rating of Microsoft Word with voice control
• Convenience
• Intelligence
• Reliability
• Error proneness
• Rating of interaction using voice command
• Satisfaction
• Productivity
• Pleasantness

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Voice Command and ControlAttitudes
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Voice Command and ControlAttitudes (cont.)
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Information Disclosure Measures

• Behavioral Measures
• Amount of disclosure
• Time per disclosure question
• Number of words
• Ease of speaking
• The talking speed
• Fluency vs. hesitancy of speech
• Number of no comments
• Perceptions of Participants Behavior
• Honest
• Revealing
• Secure

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Disclosure TaskTime per Question (sec.)
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Disclosure TaskNumber of Words per Question
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Disclosure TaskWords per Second
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Disclosure TaskCoded Level of Disclosure
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Disclosure Task of No Comment
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Sample Disclosing Answers
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Disclosure Task Perception of Self
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Disclosure Task Perception of Self (cont.)
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Anticipatory Questions

• How much would you like to use the system to
• Compose an email
• Instant messaging
• Personal assistant
• Web searching
• Travel reservation

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Anticipatory QuestionsLikelihood of Use
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Future Work

• Variety of Tasks
• Games
• Other applications
• Voice output matched modality
• Synthetic vs. recorded
• Longitudinal use
• Face or character on the screen
• Other connection options
• Invisible tether (cant move from one position)
• Headset without connection
• ADI Ideas?

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Publications and Future Work

• Applied psychology
• Creativity results and disclosure results in one
  place
• Public opinion quarterly
• Computer science related, Ubi-com related
• Command and control
• Do this with a tablet pc, 2 by 2 , or 2 by 2 by 2
• Tablet pc vs. desktop pc
• Microphone array vs. headset microphone
• Recognition vs. no recognition
• Wearing vs. tethering
• Invisible link
• Video taping
• Breadth of task
• Game, entertainment
• Performance of the game
• Military related personal assistant for
  battlefield solider
• Home, office related
• Car interface