GOAL SIX 6.02

1
GOAL SIX6.02

• The Emergence of the United States in World
  Affairs
• (1890-1914)
• The learner will analyze causes and effects of
  the United States emergence as a world power.
• Identify the areas of the United States military,
  economic, and political involvement and
  influence.

2
Queen Liliuokalani

• Queen Liliuokalani was the last reigning monarch
  of the Hawaiian Islands. She felt her mission was
  to preserve the islands for their native
  residents. In 1898, Hawaii was annexed to the
  United States and Queen Liliuokalani was forced
  to give up her throne.

3
Sewards Folly- (1867)

• treaty negotiated by Secretary of State William
  H. Seward under which the United States purchased
  Alaska from Russia for 7.2 million. The
  acquisition was made to eliminate Russian
  influence in the Western Hemisphere and to expand
  the U.S. territories. Many Americans, including
  the Radical Republicans, Seward's political
  opponents, derided the purchase, calling it
  "Seward's Icebox" and "Seward's Folly." Alaska at
  the time seemed to be only a great Arctic
  wasteland.

4
Treaty of Paris 1898(December 10, 1898)

• agreement ending the Spanish-American War. Spain
  ceded Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam to
  the United States and granted independence to
  Cuba.

5
Platt Amendment

• At the end of the Spanish-American War in 1898,
  the United States found itself in control of
  several overseas territories, including Cuba. In
  April of 1898, Senator Henry M. Teller, of
  Colorado, proposed an amendment to the United
  States declaration of war against Spain, which
  stated that the United States would not establish
  permanent control over Cuba. The Senate adopted
  the amendment on April 19.

6
Splendid Little War

• Term coined by many jingoists to describe the
  short and relatively casualty-free war.

7
Social Darwinism

• Charles Darwins belief of natural selection and
  survival of the fittest applied to humanity and
  business ideals. Only strong businesses and
  people will prosper.

8
Philippines

• The Spaniards ruled the Philippines until fleet
  commander George Dewey's defeat of Spanish ships
  at Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War.
  The United States gained possession of the
  country under terms of the Treaty of Paris
  (1898). America ruled the islands until they
  became a commonwealth in 1935, but U.S. authority
  continued in the areas of foreign affairs and
  national defense.

9
Commodore George Dewey-(1837-1917)

• naval commander. Dewey became a national hero
  during the Spanish-American War in 1898 when his
  fleet soundly defeated the Spanish in Manila
  Harbor in the Philippines. He was named admiral
  of the navy, the highest rank ever held by an
  American naval officer, and helped establish the
  United States as a major Pacific power with his
  victory.

10
Theodore Roosevelt - (1858-1919)

• twenty-sixth president of the United States
  (1901-09). Roosevelt became a national hero when
  he led his Rough Riders up Kettle Hill in Cuba
  during the Spanish-American War in 1898. He then
  served as Republican governor of New York before
  being elected vice president in 1900.

11
Rough Riders

• the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, which
  fought during the Spanish-American War. Col.
  Leonard Wood originally headed the group of one
  thousand cowboys, miners, football players, and
  others, and later Theodore Roosevelt commanded
  the unit. Roosevelt led the "Rough Riders" in a
  successful charge up Kettle Hill near San Juan
  Hill in Cuba (July 1, 1898). Having been forced
  to leave their horses in Florida, most of the
  Rough Riders, however, fought on foot.

12
William Randolph Hearst(1863-1951)

• newspaper and magazine publisher. Hearst, who
  owned a chain of newspapers, including the San
  Francisco Examiner, the New York Journal, and the
  Chicago American, used sensationalism to appeal
  to his readers, a style called yellow journalism
  by his critics. Hearst's skill at manipulating
  public opinion fueled interest in the
  Spanish-American War in 1898.

13
William Randolph Hearst(1863-1951)

• He was elected to the House of Representatives
  from New York in 1902 but lost a bid for the 1904
  Republican presidential nomination. By 1920 he
  owned twenty large newspapers and six magazines,
  the world's greatest publishing empire. Hearst
  acquired numerous works of art, which form a
  priceless collection at his estate in San Simeon,
  California. The film classic Citizen Kane is said
  to be based on his life.

14
Joseph Pulitzer-(1847-1911)

• Hungarian-born editor and publisher. Pulitzer
  earned a fortune as a result of his merging of
  two St. Louis newspapers, the Dispatch and the
  Evening Post. The success of the Post-Dispatch
  led to his purchase in 1883 of the troubled New
  York World. Under Pulitzer's leadership its
  circulation grew to be the largest in the nation,
  and it became America's most influential
  newspaper, with the addition of such features as
  sports, comics, and women's fashions.

15
Joseph Pulitzer-(1847-1911)

• Competition with William Randolph Hearst New York
  Journal led to its sensationalistic coverage of
  domestic and foreign problems that came to be
  called "yellow journalism." Pulitzer's and
  Hearst's newspapers helped provoke the
  Spanish-American War. Pulitzer left funds to
  establish a school of journalism at Columbia
  University and to endow the Pulitzer Prizes,
  which are awarded for distinguished work in
  journalism, literature, and music.

16
USS Maine

• The USS MAINE was one of the first United States
  battleships to be constructed. The vessel's
  destruction in the Cuba Harbor of Havana was a
  catalyst in bringing war between the United
  States and Spain. The loss of the ship was
  tremendous shock to the United States since it
  represented virtually the state of the art of
  naval shipbuilding in the United States, only
  recently eclipsed by newer vessels. "Remember the
  Maine" became the battle cry of the United States
  Military Forces in 1898.

17
Panama Canal

• The Panama Canal Treaty of 1903 gave the United
  States ownership of a path extending five miles
  on each side of the proposed canal. Essentially,
  the United States could treat this land as if it
  were U.S. territory. In return, Panama received
  10 million per year. Unlike the Hay-Herrán
  Treaty, this treaty did not set a time at which
  the agreement would end. In 1914 after only 10
  years of work, the construction of the Panama
  Canal was completed.

18
Pancho Villa Raids

• Francisco "Pancho" Villa (1877-1923) is famed in
  Mexico as a revolutionary and in the United
  States as a violent bandit. The 1911 overthrow of
  Mexico's haded dictatorial president Porfirio
  Diaz (1830-1915) set off a struggle for power
  that Villa, who had American support, was winning
  until 1915, when the troops of Alvaro Obregon
  (1880-1928) defeated him and elevated as acting
  chief of Mexico Villa's enemy Venustiano Carranza
  (1859-1920). the United States recognized
  Carranza and repudiated Villa, who responded by
  attacking Americans' in Mexico.

19
Pancho Villa Raids

• Villa's men raided across the border into
  Columbus, New Mexico (March 9, 1916), killing
  about a dozen Americans before being driven off.
  US president Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) order
  General John J. Pershing (1860-1948) to lead a
  punitive expedition into Mexico in pursuit of
  Villa, whose forces skirmished several times with
  the invaders. This American invasion, which was
  labeled a failure after 11 months (Pershing
  withdrew in February 1917) because Villa, whose
  raids continued, could not be captured, so
  angered his countrymen that Villa was regarded as
  a national hero, despite the fact that he led
  rebels in northern Mexico until 1920, the year of
  Carranza's death.