Molecular Biology

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Molecular Biology

• Part IV Eukaryotes 3
• G. Transposons
• H. Antibodies

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G. Transposons

• Bacteria
• Insertion sequences
• Composite transposons
• Eukaryotes
• Maize
• Peas
• Flies
• Humans

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Schematic of Insertion Sequences
Lewin 2000 Genes VII
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Examples of Insertion Sequences
Lewin 2000 Genes VII
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Lewin 1990 Genes IV
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Lewin 1990 Genes IV
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Lewin 1990 Genes IV
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Science Nov. 2003
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std
MRSA
VRE
VRSA
Weigel et al. 2003 Science
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Weigel et al. 2003 Science
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Federoff, N. 1984 Scientific American
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Federoff, N. 1984. Scientific American
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Weaver 2005 Molecular Biology 3rd ed.
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Federoff, N. 1984 Scientific American
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RR, Rr smooth rr rough
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Bhattacharyya et al. 1990
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Bhattacharyya et al. 1990
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Bhattacharyya et al. 1990
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Bhattacharyya et al. 1990
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Lewin 1990 Genes IV
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Lewin 1990 Genes IV
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Smit Riggs 1996
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H. Antibody diversity

• B- and T- Lymphocytes
• enormous diversity of cell-surface binding
  proteins

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Lennart Nilson National Geographic
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Lennart Nilson National Geographic
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Lennart Nilson National Geographic
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Lennart Nilson National Geographic
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Lennart Nilson National Geographic
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Keeton Gould 1986 Biological Science 4th ed.
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Keeton Gould 1986 Biological Science 4th ed.
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Keeton Gould 1986 Biological Science 4th ed.
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Experiment by Hozumi Tonegawa Watson et
al. 1987 Mol. Bio. of the Gene 4th ed.
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Watson et al. 1987 Molecular Biology of the Gene
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Fig. 23-13
Weaver 2005 Molecular Biology 3rd ed.
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Weaver 2005 Molecular Biology 3rd ed.
Fig 23-14
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Watson et al. 1987 Mol. Bio. of the Gene 4th ed.
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Summary Mechanisms generating antibody diversity

• 1. Multiple germ-line genes for variable regions
  (V, D, J)
• 2. Combinatorial joining (random) of V-J or V-D-J
  segments
• 3. Junctional diversity (position) of joining

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Summary Mechanisms generating antibody diversity

• 4. Nucleotide insertion at junctions
• 5. Somatic hypermutation
• 6. Combinatorial joining of any heavy chain with
  any light chain

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Watson et al. 1987 Molecular Biology of the Gene
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