Life Systems

1
Life Systems

• Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems

2
Unicellular (single-celled)

• Found in the Monera, Protists, and Fungi Kingdoms
• Single-celled organisms are independent
• Capable of movement, feeding, digestion,
  excretion, and reproduction

3
Unicellular
4
Multicellular

• Have many cells
• Found in Protists, Fungi, Plant, and Animal
  kingdoms
• Organisms are dependent on the cooperation of
  many specialized cells to perform different
  functions

5
Multicellular
6
Animal Cell Plant Cell
7
Organelles

• Tiny cell structures that are specialized to
  carry out a function

8
Cell membrane

• Description
• A thin, skin-like, flexible layer that surrounds
  the cell

• Function
• To hold the cell together, to allow nutrients
  into the cell, and to allow waste material to
  exit cell

Plant cell Animal cell
9
(No Transcript)
10
Cell Wall
Description A thick rigid layer that surrounds
the cell membrane
Function To provide structural support and to
control the amount of water entering the cell
Plant cell Animal cell
11
Cytoplasm
Description A jelly-like liquid that fills all
space not occupied by other structures
Function To distribute oxygen and nutrients to
other parts of the cell
Plant cell Animal cell
12
Nucleus
Description A dark, spherical structure often
found near the centre of the cell
Function To control the cells activities by
sending chemical messages to various cell
structures
Plant cell Animal cell
13
Vacuoles
Description Smooth, balloon-like structures
filled with clear liquid
Function To store water, nutrients and other
substances for later use by cell
Plant cell Animal cell
14
Endoplasmic reticulum
Description A smooth structure with many
exterior folds that create interior hollow canals
Function To make nutrients and to break down
waste materials
Plant cell Animal cell
15
Mitochondria
Description A smooth, sausage-like structure
with interior hollow canals
Function To provide the cell with energy
Plant cell Animal cell
16
Chloroplasts
Description Smooth, egg shaped structures with
many interior pouches that contain chlorophyll
Function To use sunlight to make food
Plant cell Animal cell
17
Unicellular vs. Multicellular
18
How many cells?

• Unicellular
• One

• Multicellular
• Millions

19
What do they eat?
Unicellular May eat bacteria
Multicellular May eat a rabbit
20
How do they drink?
Unicellular Absorb water through their pores
Multicellular Uses tongue to lap water into
mouth and swallows into stomach.
21
How do they breath?
Unicellular Absorb oxygen through their cell
membrane
Multicellular Lungs expand, oxygen enters
through notrils
22
How do they excrete?
Unicellular Anal pores at edge of cell
Multicellular Through anus
23
How big do they grow?
Unicellular Unable to grow very large
Multicellular Able to grow very large
24
How do they reproduce?
Unicellular Asexual reproduction cell divides
Multicellular Sexual reproduction male sperm
joins with female egg
25
(No Transcript)
26
Offspring characteristics
Unicellular Offspring identical to parent cell
Multicellular Offspring share characteristics of
both parents
27
Heat and Cold?
Unicellular Will move away from heat and cold
Multicellular Will produce a winter coat of new
fur, or shed fur in summer
28
Reaction to danger
Unicellular Most will die because unable to
react quickly, most are defenceless
Multicellular Able to react quickly and able to
defend self
29
Adaptation
Unicellular Able to eat almost anything small
enough that can be trapped
Multicellular Will fight for food and mark space
30
How do they move?
Unicellular Uses false foot or a whip-like tail
(flagellum)
Multicellular Uses legs