Fab Lab Instrumentation Reality

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Fab Lab Instrumentation RealityFrom Lab to Field

• Debabrata Goswami
• Chemistry Center for Laser Technology
• IIT Kanpur
• dgoswami_at_iitk.ac.in

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The Instrumentation Divide
Current Scientific Instruments are very
expensive and highly specialized
Communities that would benefit from the use of
instrumentation are unable to obtain it
Fab-Labs can be used to design and develop
equipment and instrumentation for these
communities
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Performance at Lower Costs
Consumer electronics make it possible to develop
cheaper instrumentation
Redesigning existing instruments allows lower
costs and increased flexibility without lowering
performance
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Two examples UV-Vis Spectrometer and RF Analyzer

• UV-Vis Spectrometer
• Estimated Cost of 100

• RF Analyzer
• Estimated Cost of
• 100

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Example
UV-Vis Spectrometer Commercial Cost 500

• High Cost, High Sophistication
• Difficult to use in Field under Rugged
  environments

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Optical Schemes

• Basis of All Linear Absorption Spectroscopy
• II0exp(-ecL)
• UV-Visible near-IR (250 1000 nm)
• Needs scanning of individual wavelengths
• Slow
• S/N Issues
• FTIR
• Measure in Fourier Domain (perform
  time-domain measurements) FT into wavelength
  domain

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The UV-Vis Spectrometer
Spectrum
UV-Vis with consumer electronics
Commercially Available UV-Vis
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RF Analyzer
Postal Mail
Milk Analysis
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Multiple Uses for Technology
Distance Learning
Spectrometry
Remote Medical Assistance
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Fab Lab Applications
Food Quality Analysis
Water Quality Analysis
Soil Analysis
Agriculture Analyses
Medical Analyses
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impulse response (complex frequency response) DC
MHz Rs.100 food/water quality, agricultural
inputs, ...
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Acousto-Optic Modulator
RF Driving Signal
Undeflected Beam
Laser Pulse In
Shaped Pulse Out
An Acousto-Optic-Modulator based Pulse Shaper
setup with the help an amplified laser system. A
couple of representative graphs of the pulse
shaping capability is shown in the data that are
collected in the wavelength and time-domain
respectively.

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FTIR Technicalities
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Advantages of FTIR

• Speed Since all of the frequencies are measured
  simultaneously, most measurements are made in a
  matter of seconds
• Sensitivity Sensitivity is dramatically improved
  with FTIR
• The detectors employed are much more sensitive,
  the optical throughput is much higher which
  results in much lower noise levels, and the fast
  scans enable the co-addition of several scans in
  order to reduce the random measurement noise to
  any desired level
• Mechanical Simplicity The moving mirror in the
  interferometer is the only continuously moving
  part in the instrument
• Very little possibility of mechanical breakdown
• Fingerprint Region Sensitive characterization
  possible

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Roadmap Ahead

• Micro- and nanoscale prototyping of programmable
  assembly systems
• Theoretical principles for physical computation
  ("formatics")
• Platforms for distributed control of embedded
  networked devices
• Smart tools with feedback control
• Machines that can make machines
• Open-source engineering design tools

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Acknowledgements

• Prof. Neil Gershenfeld, CBA, MIT
• Prof. S.G. Dhande, Director, IITK

Visit http//home.iitk.ac.in/dgoswami.html
Thank You !