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Silvicultural Prescriptions

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Title: Silvicultural Prescriptions


1
Silvicultural Prescriptions
  • John Adams - Louisiana Tech
  • John Dwyer - University of Missouri

2
Objectives
  • 1. Show you what goes into making a good
    prescription.
  • 2. Give you enough information to appreciate
    that making a prescription is not easy.

3
What is a prescription?
  • A detailed set of written instructions for the
    treatment of a forested property.

4
What makes a good prescription?
  • 1. Identifies what you want to accomplish.
  • What are the owners objectives?

5
What makes a good prescription?
  • 2. Describes and depicts the area to be treated.
  • Site information
  • Current stand information

6
Map 1 Stand Boundaries with Acreage
7
Map 2 Soil Classification on Mc Laughlin
Property
8
Map 3 Elevation for Mc Laughlin Property
9
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10
What makes a good prescription?
  • 3. Identify a desired target based on
    objectives.
  • Use decision-making tools to simulate
  • different ways of achieving the target and
  • pick best way.
  • Describe it in a way that it can be measured
  • then you can gauge success.

11
What makes a good prescription?
  • 4. Develop an activity schedule.
  • What?
  • When?
  • Where?
  • How much?

12
What makes a good prescription?
  • 5. What do I expect will happen as a result of
    the treatment.
  • Have I achieved my objective(s)?

13
Upland Hardwood
14
Forest Prescriptions - An Example
  • Objective
  • 1. Improve tree quality by
  • increasing growth
  • removing unhealthy/undesirable trees
  • realize a periodic return

15
Prescriptions - An Example
  • Forest information/condition
  • 1. Overstory scarlet and black oak, southern
    red oak, post oak, white oak and shellbark
    hickory
  • 2. Understory/regeneration scarlet oak, black
    oak, American elm, hackberry

16
Prescriptions - An Example
  • 3. Poletimber stand relatively young
  • 40 years of age
  • ave. diameter 7.0 inches
  • diameter range 1.5 to 14.3 inches
  • 77 stocking (full)
  • BA 65 ft2/acre, 416 trees/acre,
  • Site index 70 feet

17
Prescriptions - An Example
  • Evaluate alternatives based on objectives
  • Grow this stand looking at different what-if
    situations
  • vary the timing of harvest
  • vary the amount of harvest

18
Prescriptions - An Example
  • Activity Schedule
  • When What
  • 2002 Individual tree selection, thin 600 bf/ac
    and 4 cords/ac
  • reduce stand BA to 60ft2/ac.
  • and 65 stocking remove trees poor form
    and vigor

19
Prescriptions - An Example
  • Activity Schedule
  • When What
  • 2012 1000 bf/ac and 2 cords/ac
  • reduce stand BA to 55ft2/ac.
  • and 64 stocking leave crop trees

20
Prescriptions - An Example
  • Activity Schedule
  • When What
  • 2022 3600 bf/ac and 2 cords/ac
  • reduce stand BA to 43ft2/ac.
  • and 44 stocking leave crop trees about
    18-22, assess regeneration (plant/natural)

21
Prescriptions - An Example
  • Activity Schedule
  • When What
  • 2025 3400 bf/ac and 4 cords/ac
  • remove shelterwood
  • assess regeneration
  • natural/plant
  • release regeneration

22
Prescriptions - An Example
  • Outcomes
  • Improved health of the forest
  • Planting/thinning will diversify native tree
    species
  • Provide structural diversity for improved
    wildlife habitat/foodstores
  • Net income stream of over 1,350/acre.

23
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24
Your Forest Condition ?
  • Rehabilitation
  • Maintenance

25
Rehabilitation
  • Undesirable species mix - past history/old field
  • Poor tree quality
  • Overstocked - poor health/vigor

26
Rehab Tools
  • Stand improvement practices (TSI)
  • Vine removal
  • Planting
  • Intermediate thinning

27
Stand Improvement
  • A treatment(s) conducted during the
  • life of the forest stand to improve
  • species composition, stand structure,
  • health, and quality of the forest stand.

28
Video clip of TSI demonstration
29
Crop-tree Release - Long-term Thinning Study
  • Highly stocked stand of scarlet, black, and white
    oaks
  • Thinned in 1953 - 5 treatments
  • Age of stand at thinning- 29 years old
  • Site index of 68 base age 50

30
Crop-tree Release - No treatment
  • 100 crop trees selected in 1953 - no treatment
  • 36 trees per acre alive today
  • 15.6 inches in diameter today, 4.7 inches in 53
  • Current volume - 2,940 bf/acre
  • Current value - 278.80

31
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32
Crop-tree Release - Heavy thin treatment
  • 100 crop trees selected in 1953 - all trees over
    1/2 were removed
  • 56 trees per acre alive today
  • 17.4 inches in diameter today, 4.6 inches in 53
  • Current volume - 7,568 bf/acre
  • Current value 1,142.84/acre

33
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34
Vine Removal
35
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36
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37
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38
Intermediate Thin/Stand Improvement
  • Accomplishing both with one harvest
  • 70-year-old stand age uniform
  • white oak, black oak, scarlet oak, hickory
  • before harvest 125 sq. ft./ac. Basal area
  • 20 tons/acre _at_ 3.0/ton, 1,500 bd.ft. sawlogs _at_
    90/1000mbf
  • 195/acre revenue

39
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40
Pioneer Forest - Sustainable Maintenance for 50
years
  • Goal Harvest trees for wood products
  • while continuously maintaining the
  • natural character of the forest for.
  • watershed protection
  • recreation
  • mast production for wildlife
  • visual and ecological benefits

41
The Pioneer Forest
  • 165,000 acres privately-owned
  • single-tree selection method since 1951
  • almost every acre harvested 3 times
  • quality and volume have risen over time

42
Pioneer Prescription
  • Cut cycle high site 14-18 yrs.,
  • low site 18-22 yrs.
  • Leave about 60 stocking after harvest
  • Remove 1,400 - 2,000 board feet per acre
  • When to harvest based on.
  • - average growth rate per acre per year
  • - crown closure

43
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44
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45
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46
Mixed Stand - Pine / Hardwood
47
Pine / Hardwood
  • No management tends to move toward hardwood
  • Hardwood have better regeneration strategies
  • Need to scarify and open the site up to keep pine
    established

48
Thank You
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