Blood Transfusion

1
Blood Transfusion

• Manny Ramos RN, MSN

2
Blood Types

• categorized according to antigens on red blood
  cells
• Type A A antigens
• Type B B antigens
• Type O no antigens (universal donor)
• Type AB A and B antigens (universal recipient)
• D antigen, third antigen may be present on the
  red blood cells
• a. Rh factor positive D antigen is present
• b. Rh factor negative D antigen is not present

3
Blood type and crossmatch

• Blood type and Rh factor status crossmatched
• Blood transfusion reactions
• Fever and chills within first 15 minutes
• hives and itching during or after transfusion

4
Hemolytic reaction

• most dangerous ABO incompatibility
• RBCs clump and block capillaries
• decreased blood flow to vital organs
• Manifestations lumbar, abdominal and/or chest
  pain, fever, chills, urticaria, nausea and
  vomiting
• Occurs after 100 200 ml of incompatible blood
  infused

5
Blood transfusion

• Assessment of vital signs prior to transfusion
• 2 nurses verify correct client and unit of blood
  are correctly matched
• Direct observation of client during first 15
  minutes of infusion
• Check vital signs according to protocol

6
Blood transfusion reaction

• Stop transfusion immediately
• Continue IV infusion with normal saline
• Notify physician of clients signs and symptoms
• Provide care for client as indicated
• Complete reaction form according to institution
  protocol.
• Obtain urine specimen from client and send for
  free hemoglobin.