NNIN SUMMER EXPERIENCE

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NNIN SUMMER EXPERIENCE
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GOALS

• To learn about the technology behind an AFM and
  produce images of different materials
• To create a lesson plan that incorporates
  nanotechnology into the existing curriculum
• To develop an action plan that exposes students
  to nanotechnology throughout the school year

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AFM

• Explored the main principles behind the AFM
  (cantilever, photodetector, feedback loop, etc.)
• Produced and analyzed images from a Nanosurf
  easyScan AFM system
• Developed a presentation for other educators to
  use with this AFM system

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AFM Operation - Overview
http//www.pacificnano.com/afm-modes.html
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Learning to use the AFM

• Used the AFM to image Gold samples
• Interpretation of the images to distinguish
  between the two gold samples
• Image of Gold Grating
• Measurement and Analysis of Gold Grating to
  determine grating spacing

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Images of Gold Samples
Au Sample Baverage roughness (Sq 100nm)Gold
deposition by sputtering
Au sample A average area roughness (Sq
6nm)Gold deposition by electroplating
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Gold Practice Grating
Image Analysis Average grating spacing
1.04 µm Average height of
features 51.2 nm Nature of
the surface Blazed
Gold Practice Grating 8µm scan
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Plane Transmission Grating
1-D grating (sample A) grating spacing
4.8 µm
2-D gratinggrating spacings x 6.97 µm y
7.07 µm
1- D grating (sample B)grating spacing 1.28 µm
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LESSON PLAN CDs AND DVDs AS DIFFRACTION GRATINGS

• Develop Student Worksheet and Teachers Guide
• Incorporate AFM imaging and analysis of CDs and
  DVDs with an existing Diffraction Grating Lab

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Diffraction Pattern using a CD as a Diffraction
Grating
http//hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/
grating.html
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AFM Images and Cut-out Scans of a Blank CD AND
DVD (10 ?m)
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AFM Images of CD and DVD (unrecorded)
CD-Blank (10 µm scan) Track pitch 1.57 µm
DVD- Blank (10 µm scan) Track pitch 0.780 µm
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AFM Images CD/DVD (recorded)
DVD data encryptedscan size 10 µm
CD - data encrypted scan size 20 µm
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AFM Images CD/DVD (recorded)
CD - data encrypted scan size 5 µm
DVD data encryptedscan size 5 µm
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Blu-Ray AFM Images
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Comparing Data Density of CD, DVD and Blu-Ray
Blu-Ray Disc ?
? CD
DVD ?
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Experimental Data and Reference Data
Blue experimental values
black reference values
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CONCLUSIONS

• Experimental results of track pitch, minimum pit
  length of a CD , DVD and Blu-Ray agree well with
  known values.
• Experimental results of grating spacing obtained
  from the diffraction pattern using CDs and DVDs
  agree well with the grating spacing obtained from
  imaging them with the AFM.
• The AFM image of a CD was used to determined the
  no. of data bits per square micrometer. The total
  usable area of a CD was determined from
  measurement and used to calculate the storage
  capacity of the disc.
• The density of the tracks of CDs and DVDs as
  compared to a Blu-Ray was used to explain the
  increase in storage capacity and the recent
  technology used to further increase the same.

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ACTION PLAN

• Metric conversions Powers of Ten Video
  (http//www.youtube.com/watch?vBBsOeLcUARw)
• Hookes Law and cantilevers (SP3 Simple
  Harmonic Motion)
• Diffraction Gratings (SP4 Waves)
• Photodiodes, Lasers, Voltage and the AFM (SP4 and
  SP5 Waves and Electromagnetism)
• Piezo materials and Voltage (SP5
  Electromagnetism)
• Journal Readings
• Projects
• Career Research

GPS Standards
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Links to Lesson Plans

• Lesson Plan
• Student worksheet
• AFM Quick Reference

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THANK YOU!!!
Dr.Larry Bottomley and group School of
Chemistry and BioChemistry
Dr. Nancy Healy NNIN Educational Coordinator
Joyce Palmer Asst Educational Coordinator ,NNIN