The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies CINT Overview

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The Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
(CINT)Overview
Nano-Gadget Workshop September 8, 2005 Toni
Taylor, Associate Director (Jim Glownia,
DGL) LANL
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• DOE National User Facility
• Science focus on barriers to integrating
  nanoscience into the world around us.
• New dedicated facilities leverage existing DOE
  investment

Terry A. Michalske Sandia National
Laboratories Albuquerque, NM
One scientific community focused on nanoscience
integration
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The NNI was formed to foster US leadership in
nanotechnology

• NNI Goals
• Maintain a world-class research and development
  program aimed at realizing the full potential of
  nanotechnology
• Facilitate transfer of new technologies into
  products for economic growth, jobs, and other
  public benefit
• Develop educational resources, a skilled
  workforce, and the supporting infrastructure and
  tools to advance nanotechnology
• Support responsible development of
  nanotechnology.

NNI National Nanotechnology Initiative
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A major portion of DOEs participation is through
5 Nanoscale Science Research Centers

• NSRCs
• Are research facilities for synthesis,
  processing, and fabrication of nanoscale
  materials
• Are co-located with existing user facilities for
  characterization and analysis
• Will provide specialized equipment and support
  staff not readily available to the research
  community
• Will be operated as user facilities and be
  available to all researchers
• Access will be determined by peer review of
  proposals
• Were conceived with broad input from user
  communities

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DOE Nanocenters will provide open user access.

• Universities
• Postdocs, students and visiting faculty/
  researchers will comprise a major part of the
  user program.
• Industry
• Propriety research proposal mechanism.
• National and Federal Laboratories
• Other Federal labs and DOE NSRC facilities.
• International Science Community
• Open to the international science community

• Key Aspects of User Program
• Open, no cost access to facilitiesbased on
  scientific quality
• Spectrum of user modes
• Access to equipment
• Collaborative research
• External evaluation of proposals
• Special help for first time users
• Mechanisms for proprietary work
• Fellowships for students postdocs
• Jump-start user program
• Full operating program in FY06

3rd CINT User Workshop was held January 19 - 21,
2005
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CINT is one of five Department of Energy
Nanoscience Centers.
Center for Nanoscale Materials
Center for Functional Nanomaterials
Molecular Foundry
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Compound
Semiconductor Research LaboratoryMicroelectronics
Development LaboratoryCombustion Research
FacilityLos Alamos Neutron Science
CenterNational High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
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History of CINT

• FY99 Concept of NanoScience Research Centers
  (NSERCs) proposed as DOEs contribution to
  National Nanotechnology Initiative.
• FY00 Concept for joint SNL/LANL NSRC proposed.
• FY01 NNI launched.
• FY01 Joint SNL/LANL proposal for CINT submitted
  to Office of Science ranks in the top three via
  a peer-reviewed process.
• FY01 CINT science thrusts defined and leadership
  identified.
• FY02 CINT MOU signed between Sandia and LANL
  Directors.
• FY02 Design begins on CINT Core Gateway.
• FY03 Joint LANL/SNL BES and LDRD nanoscience
  projects initiated.
• FY04 First CINT user projects initiated.
• May 2004 Ground-breaking for CINT construction.
• April 2006 CINT operations begin in completed
  facilities.

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CINT is led by a cross-lab team.
Partnership Equal partnership between Los Alamos
and Sandia defined by a Memorandum of
Understanding Leadership Director Julia
Phillips (SNL) Associate Director Toni Taylor
(LANL) Chief Scientist Tom Picraux (LANL) User
Program Manager Neal Shinn (SNL)
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CINT organizational structure

• Equal partnership between Los Alamos and Sandia
  defined by a Memorandum of Understanding

Governance Board Rick Stulen (SNL) Terry Wallace
(LANL) Clayton Teague (NNCO) Herb Goronkin
(Technology Acceleration Associates) Venky
Narayanamurti (Harvard)
Scientific Advisory Committee Sankar Das Sarma
(UMD) Julia Weertman (NWU) Robert Haddon (UC
Riverside) Frans Spaepen (Harvard) George Maracas
(Motorola) Mark Reed (Yale) Paul Barbara
(UTX) Harold Craighead (Cornell) Laura Greene
(UIUC) Steve Brueck (UNM) Bob Westervelt
(Harvard) Dawn Bonnell (UPenn) Antonio Ricco
(Stanford) Eleni Kousvelari (NIH) Piotr
Grodzinski (NIH)
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One community focused on nanoscience integration
Microelectronics Development Lab MESA
Synthesis, Characterization, Theory
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The CINT Core/Gateway model embodied with
physical user facilities
Core Facility in Albuquerque
CINT Gateway to Sandia Nanomaterials/Microfabricat
ion
CINT Gateway to Los Alamos Nanomaterials/Bioscienc
es
Buildings Complete November 2005 Begin
Operations April 2006 Construction
Complete June 2007
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Construction Status--Core Facility
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Construction Status--LANL Gateway
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CINT special equipment supports complementary
activities in three facilities

• Integration
• E-beam lithography
• Photolithography
• Thin Film Deposition
• REI, Plasma Etch

• Characterization
• TEM, SEM, FE-SEM
• AFM
• FTIR, UV/VIS, X-ray
• Nano-indenter
• Low T Mobility
• Ultra-fast Laser Spec.
• Raman Spec.

• Synthesis
• MBE
• PLD
• P-CVD
• Wet Chem
• Bio

• Gateway to Sandia
• AT-STM
• IFM
• Chem prep oxide
• LB Film
• microfluidics

• Gateway to Los Alamos
• NSOM, AFM
• SEM
• Nano-indenter
• Ultra-fast Laser
• Comp. Cluster

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CINT Thrust Areas provide broad base of expertise
Complex Functional
Nanomaterials

Relationships between synthesis, structure
and complex and emergent properties
Self-assembly on all length scales
Structure-property relationships
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Discovery Platforms? A new approach for user
facility science
Users provide the materials
CINT provides the platforms
CINT/user design SNL fab from CINT Can a
standard architecture be useful?
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Discovery Platform strategy is driven by CINT
goals

• Conduct forefront research in nanoscale science.
• Operate as a user facility for scientific
  research.
• Leverage relevant National Laboratory
  capabilities to enhance scientific opportunities
  for the user community.
• Establish and lead a scientific community
  dedicated to solving nanoscale science
  integration challenges.
• Integrate nano micro length scales

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CINT Discovery PlatformsTM modular micro-labs
for nanoscience

• Discovery Platforms chips that allow Users
  to
• Stimulate
• Interrogate
• Exploit
• nanomaterials in microsystem environments

Mechanics
Electronics
Optics
Fluidics
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A CINT Discovery Platform definition
A modular, micro-laboratory designed and batch
fabricated expressly for the purpose of
integrating nano and micro length scales and for
studying the physical and chemical properties of
nanoscale materials and devices. Discovery
Platforms? will be standardized and packaged in a
way that allows easy connections with external
electrical, optical, and fluidic devices. The
design and packaging will also allow direct
access for a wide range of external diagnostic
and characterization tools available at CINT.
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Objective Develop 1st generation prototype
Discovery PlatformsTM
Platform designs being developed by
internal/external teams
Simple design

• Five platform teams
• Customizable Cantilever
• Optical, Transport, and Photoconductor
• Microfluidic Synthesis
• 2D Photonic Lattice
• Nanosystems Integration
• (Common Platform Package)

Multiple functions statistics
Integration compatibility
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Some Discovery Platform Attributes

• Multiple in-out signals for stimulation,
  interrogation.
• Simple design for wide applicability
• Standardized, readily available.
• Pop-In Design for rapid utilization, exchange.
• Rugged and robust.
• Compatible with wide range of materials and CINT
  instruments.
• Parallel architecture for statistics.
• Controllable environment.

Mechanics
Integrated Platform
Electronics
Optics
Fluidics
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The Platform Development Cycle
Identify Jump-Start Capabilities
Collect Input User Needs Scientific Interests
Design Initial Platform Set
Generate Ideas For Next Platform Development Cycle
Complete Fabrication of Initial Platforms
Evaluate Platforms
Test Platforms in User Environments (Shake-Down)
Each step in the development cycle will require
active collaborations and input from CINT
scientists, platform developers, and the CINT
User Community.
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We would like to have first versions of platforms
ready for users by April 2006
Timeline June 2005 Hold a small workshop of
CINT staff, users, and microsystems designers to
refine our concepts July/August 2005 Design
first version of platforms and package for
fabrication September/October 2005 Complete
designer layouts and begin fabrication of
platforms in the Microelectronics Development
Laboratory and/or Compound Semiconductor
Development Laboratory October 2005 Call for
proposals for full operations February 2006
Begin characterization of first platforms April
2006 Platforms available in ß form for users at
CD-4a
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Optics and Transport Platform
I
II
Six distinct electrode regions 100mm X
100 mm each of which are backgated
Parallel electrode arrays 0.35, 1.0, and 3.0 mm
spacing
User customized 100mm X 100 mm e.g. e-beam
written nanoelectrodes.
Terminated electrodes with gaps of 0.35, 1.0, and
3.0 mm
Note the pads and interconnects are similar for
quadrants I-III
IV
Six distinct electrode regions 100mm X
100 mm (as in II), except sensors are placed
inside of the active region, and the the
electrodes are on Si3N4 membrane window
III
This platform will enable fundamental
investigations of the electronic, optical, and
transport properties of a wide variety of
nanomaterials including, as examples, molecular
electronic materials, inorganic nanowires, and
metal or semiconducting nanocomposites. The
versatility of this platform will enable a host
of transport and optical measurements while being
compatible with scanning probe and electron beam
techniques.
or
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Cantilever Array Platform Nanomechanics, Force
Sensing, Scanning Probe
Si nitride beams for scanning thermometry, etc.
poly-Si beams of different force constant for AFM
load cells for nano-mechanics studies
torsional oscillators
platform is the size of an AFM chip (compatible
with AFMs)
probes of in-plane force
cantilever arrays for sensors, coupled oscillator
physics, nanomechanics
SiO2 sacrificial structures

• Cantilever chip is compatible with common AFM
  chips
• Users include researchers studying mechanics and
  dynamics of deformation in materials,
  biomechanics and biosensing, novel scanning probe
  technologies, physics of coupled oscillators,
  magnetization in materials, etc.

structures for magnetization studies

• Platform enables fundamental studies of
• elastic/plastic behavior of nanostructured matls
• in situ TEM of dynamic mechanical props. of
  nanomatls
• probing and mech. charact. of soft biological
  matls
• physics of coupled oscillators
• chemical biological sensing
• scanning thermometry, conduction mscopy, magnetic
  force mscopy magnetization meas. of small
  particles

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Microfluidic Synthesis Platform Control Kinetics
of Nanomaterial Synthesis
Control of thermal profile allows fundamental
studies of synthesis reactions.
Development of basic understanding is needed for
future continuous flow reactors.
flow channel
µFluidic chip
Precursor ligand injection
Integration package

• Microfluidic chip will be integrated within a
  carrier platform
• Users include synthetic chemists, quantum dot
  material synthesis.
• Development of chip
• 26 electric connections
• 9 fluidic connections
• 1 microfluidic cooling network

6mm
25mm
dielectric spectroscopy electrodes
microheaters thermocouples
fluidic and electrical connections
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Photonic Lattice Platform
Close-up of one device with a PC structure
The CINT Photonics Platform is designed to offer
CINT users rapid, reproducible, and efficient
light in- and out-coupling for a variety of
photonic measurements
Wells for optical properties
measurements Photonic crystals (PCs) w/ w/o
defects Blank pads
allowing user defined structures User
defined materials can fill wells, defects, and
PCs. One platform (chip) consists of
Coupling
gratings for l1.1 to 2 micron light SOI
waveguides to the active region
A variety of active device regions per l
range In- out-coupling lenses and a platform
positioning controller will be at the CINT core
facility.
Devices for each wavelength coupling range
The desired path forward entails writing test
structures on SOI wafers using e-beam lithography
to optimize grating and device
design. Final stages involve putting all devices
and wavelength ranges onto one
chip.
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The Micro-hotplate is already available as a
Platform for Nanomaterials Research.
Synthesis
Activation
swollen
collapsed
Mesophases in block copolymers
Characterization
Hydrophilic --gt non-sticky
Hydrophobic --gt sticky

• Phase transitions
• Thermoelectric power

• Thermal conductivity
• Thermal expansion

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The Full Operating Program
Beginning April 2006

• New Facilities with full-time staff to support
  user and science activities.
• Leading laboratory scientists and visiting
  scholars to advance the state-of-the-art for
  CINTs integrated science directions.
• Funding and technical support for maintenance,
  up-keep, and re-capitalization of CINTs
  specialized scientific equipment.
• Discovery Platforms
• Access to capabilities and expertise at both
  laboratories.

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A creative environment for new science and
scientist

• Dedicated Facilities
• Clean rooms
• Synthesis
• Characterization
• Access to National Laboratories
• Microfabrication
• Biosciences
• Computing
• Nanomaterials
• No Cost Access
• Peer reviewed proposals
• University/Industry/Gov. Lab.

Contact Neal Shinn, CINT User
Program Manager ndshinn_at_sandia.gov
Come join us!
http//CINT.sandia.gov or http//CINT.lanl.gov
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Nanoelectronics and Nanophotonics Thrust
Understanding and controlling electronic and
photonic interactions in nanostructured materials

• Development and comprehensive understanding of
  novel nanostructured materials comprising
  multiple constituents, finer length scales, and
  new 3D architectures for a versatile manipulation
  of electronic and photonic wavefunctions.
• Understanding and control of charge and energy
  transfer at nanoscale interfaces including
  coherent control and manipulation of electronic
  wave functions and spin degrees of freedom and
  control of energy flow using excitonic or
  plasmonic circuits.
• Targeted areas of application include defect
  tolerant architectures for molecular electronics,
  high efficiency solar energy conversion through
  novel nanoscale phenomena/architectures, and
  active photonic nanostructures for optical
  amplification, ultrafast switching, chem/bio
  sensing, communications and optical and/or
  quantum computing.

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Nanophotonics and nanoelectronics ThrustCurrent
Activities

• Nonlinear optical properties of photonic fibers
  for photonic and optoelectronic devices
• Transport studies of interacting low dimensional
  systems including coupled nanostructures and
  exciton condensation in electron-hole bilayers
• Synthesis and spectroscopy of nanoscale
  assemblies comprising nanocrystal quantum dots
• Fabrication, purification, and spectroscopic
  studies of carbon nanotubes
• Broad near-field spectroscopy of metal
  nanoassemblies
• Ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy/spectrosco
  py of nanoscale semiconductors and
  superconductors
• High efficiency solid state lighting
• High-magnetic-field spectroscopy of nanoscale
  semiconductors
• Development of sources and detectors for THz
  frequencies

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Nano-bio-micro Interfaces Thrust The
intersection of bioscience with nanoscale
materials science.

• Control and understanding the physical interface
  between biomolecular systems and nanoscale
  synthetic materials, including the development of
  patterned biofunctional and biocompatible
  surfaces, understanding the assembly of
  biomolecular components at interfaces, and
  developing biomolecular recognition approaches to
  assist in the assembly of synthetic nanoscale
  building blocks.
• Understanding how to bridge between nanoscale
  biomolecular assemblies and functional microscale
  and larger devices, for example, the integration
  of biological components with fluidic, photonic
  or mechanical fabricated devices.
• Developing new nanoscale materials whose
  structure, function and assembly are inspired by
  natural systems.
• Developing new approaches to the study of
  biological systems based on new materials and
  material characterization tools arising from
  nanoscale science.

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Nano-bio-micro Interfaces ThrustCurrent
Activities

• The use of self-assembly and biomolecular
  assembly to create assemblies of synthetic
  building blocks with emergent optical or
  electronic properties.
• The use of active biomolecular components such as
  motor proteins to assist in the assembly of
  nanostructured electronic and photonic components
  such as semiconductor quantum dots.
• Studies of the structure and function of
  nanostructured cooperative and composite
  assemblies that incorporate biological and
  biomolecular components together with synthetic
  materials.
• Studies of passive and active monolayers, lipid
  bilayers, and membranes that mediate interactions
  between surfaces and biological species,
  including proteins and cells.
• Development of sensitive imaging and detection
  technologies for study of biological systems.
• Studies of patterned model membrane
  architectures.
• Development of integrated fluidic and analysis
  technologies in platforms allowing interrogation
  of biological processes.

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Complex functional NanomaterialsThrust
Understanding controlling complex, or emergent,
functionality that derives from nanoscale
interactions

• Establishing the scientific principles needed to
  design, synthesize and integrate nanomaterials
  into robust nanocomposite architectures and
  systems with desired functions and performance.
• Controlling and understanding self-assembly
  processes, nucleation and crystal growth, and
  relevant interfacial phenomena. Developing
  approaches for hierarchical organization of
  materials, and integration strategies to access
  phenomena not available in individual components
• Developing strategies to integrate top-down,
  microfabrication techniques with bottom-up,
  chemical synthesis and self-assembly approaches.
• Developing and exploiting novel properties that
  are uniquely achieved through nanoscale
  structure, which will lead to materials with
  novel electronic and optical properties,
  mechanical behavior, transport phenomena, and
  chemical and catalytic responses.
• Understanding emergent phenomena in a broad range
  of inorganic materials (e.g., transition metal
  oxides, intermetallics).

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Complex Functional NanomaterialsThrustCurrent
Activities

• Nanoparticulate Materials Synthesis.
• Self-Assembly. Development of an
  evaporation-assisted self-assembly process for a
  wide range of functional nanoscale materials and
  detailed fundamental understanding of the
  reaction pathways leading to self-assembly.
• Complex Nanocrystalline Structures Development
  of methods to control nucleation and growth on
  multiple length scales.
• Self-assembly of tunable photonic structures and
  optical materials with colloidal nanoparticles
  and quantum dots.
• Dynamic assembly and synthesis of
  materials/devices that can be disassembled and
  reconfigured using active biomolecules such as
  motor proteins.
• Time-resolved studies from the far-infrared
  through the visible in nanomaterials and single
  crystals to investigate the dynamics deriving
  from nanoscale interactions.
• Development of novel spatio-temporal probes for
  investigating CFN.
• Characterization of correlated electron materials
  with strong nanoscale fluctuations in the charge,
  spin, and lattice degrees of freedom.
• Chemical, biosensors and other microdevices based
  on CFNs. Application of CFNs for national
  security, energy and environments related
  missions.