Advanced XML and Web Services

1
Advanced XML and Web Services

• September 12, 2006
• Robert Richards
• rrichards_at_php.net
• http//www.cdatazone.org/files/workshop.zip

2
Agenda

• Introduction to Terms and Concepts
• Libxml
• DOM
• SimpleXML
• SAX (ext/xml)
• XMLReader
• XSL
• XMLWriter
• SOAP (ext/soap)

3
XML Namespaces

• An XML Namespace is a collection of names
  identified by a URI.
• They are applicable to elements and attributes.
• Namespaces may or may not be associated with a
  prefix.
• xmlnsrob"urnrob"
• xmlnshttp//www.example.com/rob
• Attributes never reside within a default
  namespace.
• It is illegal to have two attributes with the
  same localname and same namespace on the same
  element.

4
XML Namespace Example
ltorder num"1001"gt ltshippinggt ltname
type"care_of"gtJohn Smithlt/namegt
ltaddressgt123 Herelt/addressgt lt/shippinggt
ltbillinggt ltname type"legal"gtJane
Doelt/namegt ltaddressgt456 Somewhere
elselt/addressgt lt/billinggt lt/ordergt
5
XML Namespace Example
ltorder num"1001" xmlns"urnorder"
xmlnsship"urnshipping"

xmlnsbill"urnbilling"gt ltshipshippinggt
ltshipname type"care_of"gtJohn
Smithlt/shipnamegt ltshipaddressgt123
Herelt/shipaddressgt lt/shipshippinggt
ltbillbillinggt ltbillname type"legal"gtJane
Doelt/billnamegt ltbilladdressgt456 Somewhere
elselt/billaddressgt lt/billbillinggt lt/ordergt
6
Illegal Namespace Usage

• ltorder num"1001" xmlns"urnorder"
• 
  xmlnsorder"urnorder"
• 
  xmlnsship"urnorder"gt
• ltshipping shiptype"fed_ex" type"fed_ex"gt
• ltname shiptype"care_of"
• ordertype"legal"gtJohn
  Smithlt/shipnamegt
• lt/shipshippinggt
• lt/ordergt

7
Illegal Namespace Usage

• ltorder num"1001" xmlns"urnorder"
• 
  xmlnsorder"urnorder"
• 
  xmlnsship"urnorder"gt
• ltshipping shiptype"fed_ex" type"fed_ex"gt
• ltname shiptype"care_of"
• ordertype"legal"gtJohn
  Smithlt/shipnamegt
• lt/shipshippinggt
• lt/ordergt
• lt!-- attributes on shipping element are valid !
  --gt

8
Reserved Namespaces and Prefixes

• The prefix xml is bound to http//www.w3.org/XML/1
  998/namespace.
• The prefix xmlns is bound to http//www.w3.org/200
  0/xmlns/.
• Prefixes should also not begin with the
  characters xml.

9
Schemas and Validation

• Validation insures an XML document conforms to a
  set of defined rules.
• Multiple mechanisms exist to write document rule
  sets
• Document Type Definition (DTD)
• XML Schema
• RelaxNG

10
Document Type Definition (DTD)validation/courses-
dtd.xml
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt lt!DOCTYPE
courses lt!ELEMENT courses (course)gt
lt!ELEMENT course (title, description, credits,
lastmodified)gt lt!ATTLIST course cid ID
REQUIREDgt lt!ELEMENT title (PCDATA)gt
lt!ELEMENT description (PCDATA)gt lt!ELEMENT
credits (PCDATA)gt lt!ELEMENT lastmodified
(PCDATA)gt gt ltcoursesgt ltcourse cid"c1"gt
lttitlegtBasic Languageslt/titlegt
ltdescriptiongtIntroduction to Languageslt/descriptio
ngt ltcreditsgt1.5lt/creditsgt
ltlastmodifiedgt2004-09-01T111301lt/lastmodifiedgt
lt/coursegt ltcourse cid"c2"gt .
. . lt/coursegt lt/coursesgt
11
DTD and IDsvalidation/course-id.xml
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt lt!DOCTYPE
courses lt!ATTLIST course cid ID
REQUIREDgt gt ltcoursesgt ltcourse cid"c1"gt
lttitle xmlid"t1"gtBasic
Languageslt/titlegt ltdescriptiongtIntroduct
ion to Languageslt/descriptiongt lt/coursegt
ltcourse cid"c2"gt lttitle
xmlid"t3"gtFrench Ilt/titlegt
ltdescriptiongtIntroduction to Frenchlt/descriptiongt
lt/coursegt ltcourse cid"c3"gt
lttitle xmlid"t3"gtFrench IIlt/titlegt
ltdescriptiongtIntermediate Frenchlt/descriptiongt
lt/coursegt lt/coursesgt
12
XML Schemavalidation/course.xsd
lt?xml version"1.0"?gt ltxsdschema
xmlnsxsd"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"gt
ltxsdelement name"courses"gt
ltxsdcomplexTypegt ltxsdsequencegt
ltxsdelement name"course" minOccurs"1"
maxOccurs"unbounded"gt
ltxsdcomplexTypegt
ltxsdsequencegt ltxsdelement
name"title" type"xsdstring"/gt
ltxsdelement name"description"
type"xsdstring"/gt
ltxsdelement name"credits" type"xsddecimal"/gt
ltxsdelement
name"lastmodified" type"xsddateTime"/gt
lt/xsdsequencegt
ltxsdattribute name"cid" type"xsdID"/gt
lt/xsdcomplexTypegt
lt/xsdelementgt lt/xsdsequencegt
lt/xsdcomplexTypegt lt/xsdelementgt lt/xsdschemagt
13
RelaxNGvalidation/course.rng
ltgrammar xmlns"http//relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.
0" datatypeLibrary"http//www.w3.org/200
1/XMLSchema-datatypes"gt ltstartgt
ltelement name"courses"gt ltzeroOrMoregt
ltelement name"course"gt
ltattribute name"cid"gtltdata type"ID"/gtlt/attribute
gt ltelement name"title"gtlttext/gtlt/el
ementgt ltelement name"description"gt
lttext/gtlt/elementgt ltelement
name"credits"gtltdata type"decimal"/gtlt/elementgt
ltelement name"lastmodified"gtltdata
type"dateTime"/gtlt/elementgt
lt/elementgt lt/zeroOrMoregt
lt/elementgt lt/startgt lt/grammargt
14
XPath

• Language to locate and retrieve information from
  an XML document
• A foundation for XSLT
• An XML document is a tree containing nodes
• The XML document is the root node
• Locations are addressable similar to the syntax
  for a filesystem

15
XPath Reference Documentxpath/courses.xml
ltcourses xmlnst"http//www.example.com/title"gt
ltcourse xmlid"c1"gt ltttitlegtBasic
Languageslt/ttitlegt ltdescriptiongtIntrodu
ction to Languageslt/descriptiongt lt/coursegt
ltcourse xmlid"c2"gt ltttitlegtFrench
Ilt/ttitlegt ltdescriptiongtIntroduction
to Frenchlt/descriptiongt lt/coursegt
ltcourse xmlid"c3"gt ltttitlegtFrench
IIlt/ttitlegt ltdescriptiongtIntermediate
Frenchlt/descriptiongt ltpre-requisite
cref"c2" /gt lt?phpx A PI Node ?gt
ltdefns xmlns"urndefault"gtcontentlt/defnsgt
lt/coursegt lt/coursesgt
16
XPath Location Examplexpath/location.php
Expression
/courses/course/description //description /courses
//description //descriptionancestorcourse
Resulting Nodset
ltdescriptiongtIntroduction to Languageslt/descriptio
ngt ltdescriptiongtIntroduction to
Frenchlt/descriptiongt ltdescriptiongtIntermediate
Frenchlt/descriptiongt
17
XPath Function Examplexpath/function.php

• string(/courses/course/pre-requisite_at_cref"c2"/.
  .)
• French II
• Intermediate French
• content

18
XPath and Namespacesxpath/namespaces.php
//title Empty NodeSet //ttitle ltttitlegtBasic
Languageslt/ttitlegt ltttitlegtFrench
Ilt/ttitlegt ltttitlegtFrench IIlt/ttitlegt //defns
Empty NodeSet //local-name()"defns" ltdefns
xmlns"urndefault"gtcontentlt/defnsgt
19
PHP and XML

• PHP 5 introduced numerous interfaces for working
  with XML
• The libxml2 library (http//www.xmlsoft.org/) was
  chosen to provide XML support
• The sister library libxslt provides XSLT support
• I/O is handled via PHP streams

20
XML Entensions for PHP 5

• ext/libxml
• ext/xml (SAX push parser)
• ext/dom
• ext/simplexml
• ext/xmlreader (pull parser)
• ext/xmlwriter
• ext/xsl
• ext/wddx
• ext/soap

21
Libxml

• Contains common functionality shared across
  extensions.
• Defines constants to modify parse time behavior.
• Provides access to streams context.
• Allows modification of error handling behavior
  for XML based extensions.

22
Libxml Parser Options
23
Libxml Error Handling

• bool libxml_use_internal_errors (bool
  use_errors)
• void libxml_clear_errors ( void )
• LibXMLError libxml_get_last_error ( void )
• array libxml_get_errors ( void )

24
Libxml LibXMLError
Class LibXMLError Properties (Read-Only) (int
) level (int) code (int) column (string)
message (string) file (int)
line LibXMLErrorcode Values LIBXML_ERR_NONE
LIBXML_ERR_WARNING LIBXML_ERR_ERROR LIBXML_ERR_F
ATAL
25
LibXMLError Examplelibxml/error.php
lt?php / Regular Error Handling / dom new
DOMDocument() dom-gtloadXML('ltrootgt') / New
Error Handling / libxml_use_internal_errors(TRUE)
if (! dom-gtloadXML('root')) arrError
libxml_get_errors() foreach (arrError AS
xmlError) var_dump(xmlError)
else print "Document Loaded" ?gt
26
LibXMLError Result

• PHP Warning DOMDocumentloadXML() Premature
  end of data in tag root line 1 in Entity, line 1
  in /home/rrichards/workshop/libxml/error.php on
  line 4
• Warning DOMDocumentloadXML() Premature end of
  data in tag root line 1 in Entity, line 1 in
  /home/rrichards/workshop/libxml/error.php on line
  4
• New Error Handling
• object(LibXMLError)2 (6)
• "level"gt int(3)
• "code"gt int(4)
• "column"gt int(1)
• "message"gt string(34) "Start tag expected,
  'lt' not found"
• "file"gt string(0) ""
• "line"gt int(1)

27
DOM

• Tree based parser
• Allows for creation and editing of XML documents
• W3C Specification with DOM Level 2/3 compliancy
• Provides XPath support
• Provides XInclude Support
• Ability to work with HTML documents
• Zero copy interoperability with SimpleXML
• Replacement for ext/domxml from PHP 4

28
DOMNode Classes

• DOMDocument
• DOMElement
• DOMAttr
• DOMComment
• DOMDocumentType
• DOMNotation
• DOMEntity

• DOMEntityReference
• DOMProcessingInstruction
• DOMNameSpaceNode
• DOMDocumentFragment
• DOMCharacterData
• DOMText
• DOMCdataSection

29
Additional DOM Classes

• DOMException
• DOMImplementation
• DOMNodeList
• DOMNamedNodeMap
• DOMXPath

30
DOM Sample Document

• ltcoursesgt
• ltcourse cid"c1"gt
• lttitlegtBasic Languageslt/titlegt
• ltdescriptiongtIntroduction to
  Languageslt/descriptiongt
• ltcreditsgt1.5lt/creditsgt
• ltlastmodifiedgt2004-09-01T111301lt/lastm
  odifiedgt
• lt/coursegt
• ltcourse cid"c2"gt
• lttitlegtFrench Ilt/titlegt
• ltdescriptiongtIntroduction to
  Frenchlt/descriptiongt
• ltcreditsgt3.0lt/creditsgt
• ltlastmodifiedgt2005-06-01T142137lt/lastm
  odifiedgt
• lt/coursegt
• ltcourse cid"c3"gt
• lttitlegtFrench IIlt/titlegt
• ltdescriptiongtIntermediate
  Frenchlt/descriptiongt
• ltcreditsgt3.0lt/creditsgt
• ltlastmodifiedgt2005-03-12T154544lt/lastm
  odifiedgt
• lt/coursegt

31
DOM Document Navigationdom/navigate.php

• / Find first description element in subtrees /
• function locateDescription(nodeset)
• foreach (nodeset AS node)
• if (node-gtnodeType XML_ELEMENT_NODE
  node-gtnodeName 'description')
• GLOBALS'arNodeSet' node
• return
• if (node-gthasChildNodes())
  locateDescription(node-gtchildNodes)
• dom new DOMDocument()
• dom-gtload('course.xml')
• root dom-gtdocumentElement
• arNodeSet array()
• if (root-gthasChildNodes())
  locateDescription(root-gtchildNodes)

32
DOM Document Navigation Results

• 0 Introduction to Languages
• 1 Introduction to French
• 2 Intermediate French

33
DOMDocument Navigation 2dom/navigate-2.php
lt?php dom new DOMDocument() dom-gtload('course
.xml') nodelist dom-gtgetElementsByTagName('d
escription') foreach (nodelist AS keygtnode)
print "key ".node-gtnodeValue."\n" ?gt
Results 0 Introduction to Languages 1
Introduction to French 2 Intermediate French
34
DOM Navigation Optimizeddom/navigate-optimized.p
hp

• function locateDescription(node)
• while(node)
• if (node-gtnodeType XML_ELEMENT_NODE
  node-gtnodeName 'description')
• GLOBALS'arNodeSet' node
• return
• locateDescription(node-gtfirstChild)
• node node-gtnextSibling
• dom new DOMDocument()
• dom-gtload('course.xml')
• root dom-gtdocumentElement
• arNodeSet array()
• locateDescription(root-gtfirstChild)
• foreach (arNodeSet AS keygtnode)

35
DOM Creating a Simple Treedom/create_simple_tree
.php

• doc new DOMDocument()
• root doc-gtcreateElement("tree")
• doc-gtappendChild(root)
• root-gtsetAttribute("att1", "att1 value")
• attr2 doc-gtcreateAttribute("att2")
• attr2-gtappendChild(doc-gtcreateTextNode("att2
  value"))
• root-gtsetAttributeNode(attr2)
• child root-gtappendChild(doc-gtcreateElement("c
  hild"))
• comment doc-gtcreateComment("My first
  Document")
• doc-gtinsertBefore(comment, root)
• pi doc-gtcreateProcessingInstruction("php",
  'echo "Hello World!"')
• root-gtappendChild(pi)

36
DOM Simple Tree Output
lt?xml version"1.0"?gt lt!--My first
Document--gt lttree att1"att1 value" att2"att2
value"gt ltchildgtlt!CDATAspecial chars lt gt
'gtlt/childgt lt?php echo "Hello World!"?gt lt/treegt
37
DOM Creating an Atom Feeddom/atom_feed_creation.
php

• define('ATOMNS', 'http//www.w3.org/2005/Atom')
• feed_title "Example Atom Feed"
• alt_url "http//www.example.org/"
• feed "http//www.example.org/atom/"
• doc new DOMDocument("1.0", "UTF-8")
• function create_append_Atom_elements(doc, name,
  valueNULL, parentNULL)
• if (value)
• newelem doc-gtcreateElementNS(ATOMNS,
  name, value)
• else
• newelem doc-gtcreateElementNS(ATOMNS,
  name)
• if (parent) return parent-gtappendChild(
  newelem)
• feed create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'feed',
  NULL, doc)
• create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'title',
  feed_title, feed)
• create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'subtitle',
  feed_title, feed)
• create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'id', alt_url,
  feed)

38
DOM Creating an Atom Feed Result (initial
structure)

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltfeed xmlns"http//www.w3.org/2005/Atom"gt
• lttitlegtExample Atom Feedlt/titlegt
• ltsubtitlegtExample Atom Feedlt/subtitlegt
• ltidgthttp//www.example.org/lt/idgt
• ltupdatedgt2006-03-23T013940-0500lt/updatedgt
• lt/feedgt

39
DOM Creating an Atom Feeddom/atom_feed_creation.
php

• entry create_append_Atom_elements(doc,
  'entry', NULL, feed)
• title create_append_Atom_elements(doc,
  'title', 'My first entry', entry)
• title-gtsetAttribute('type', 'text')
• link create_append_Atom_elements(doc,
  'link', NULL, entry)
• link-gtsetAttribute('type', 'text/html')
• link-gtsetAttribute('rel', 'alternate')
• link-gtsetAttribute('href', 'http//www.example
  .org/entry-url')
• link-gtsetAttribute('title', 'My first
  entry')
• author create_append_Atom_elements(doc,
  'author', NULL, entry)
• create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'name',
  'Rob', author)
• create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'id',
  'http//www.example.org/entry-guid', entry)
• create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'updated',
  date('c'), entry)
• create_append_Atom_elements(doc, 'published',
  date('c'), entry)
• content create_append_Atom_elements(doc,
  'content', NULL, entry)

40
DOM Creating an Atom FeedResultdom/atomoutput.x
ml

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltfeed xmlns"http//www.w3.org/2005/Atom"gt
• lttitlegtExample Atom Feedlt/titlegt
• ltsubtitlegtExample Atom Feedlt/subtitlegt
• ltidgthttp//www.example.org/lt/idgt
• ltupdatedgt2006-03-23T015359-0500lt/updatedgt
• ltentrygt
• lttitle type"text"gtMy first entrylt/titlegt
• ltlink type"text/html" rel"alternate"
• href"http//www.example.org/entry-ur
  l" title"My first entry"/gt
• ltauthorgt
• ltnamegtRoblt/namegt
• lt/authorgt
• ltidgthttp//www.example.org/entry-guidlt/idgt
• ltupdatedgt2006-03-23T015359-0500lt/updatedgt
• ltpublishedgt2006-03-23T015359-0500lt/publishe
  dgt
• ltcontentgtlt!CDATAThis is my first Atom
  entry!ltbr /gtMore to followgtlt/contentgt
• lt/entrygt
• lt/feedgt

41
DOM Document Editingdom/editing.php

• dom-gtload('atomoutput.xml')
• child dom-gtdocumentElement-gtfirstChild
• while(child child-gtnodeName ! "entry")
  child child-gtnextSibling
• if (child (child child-gtfirstChild))
• while(child child-gtnodeName ! "title")
  child child-gtnextSibling
• if (child)
• child-gtsetAttribute('type', 'html')
• text child-gtfirstChild
• text-gtnodeValue "ltemgtMy first
  entrylt/emgt"
• while(child)
• if (child-gtnodeName "updated")
• text child-gtfirstChild
• text-gtnodeValue date('c')
• break
• child child-gtnextSibling

42
DOM Editingdom/new_atomoutput.xml

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"UTF-8"?gt
• ltfeed xmlns"http//www.w3.org/2005/Atom"gt
• lttitlegtExample Atom Feedlt/titlegt
• ltsubtitlegtExample Atom Feedlt/subtitlegt
• ltidgthttp//www.example.org/lt/idgt
• ltupdatedgt2006-03-23T015359-0500lt/updatedgt
• ltentrygt
• lttitle type"html"gtltemgtMy first
  entrylt/emgtlt/titlegt
• ltlink type"text/html" rel"alternate"
• href"http//www.example.org/entry-ur
  l" title"My first entry"/gt
• ltauthorgt
• ltnamegtRoblt/namegt
• lt/authorgt
• ltidgthttp//www.example.org/entry-guidlt/idgt
• ltupdatedgt2006-03-23T022922-0500lt/updatedgt
• ltpublishedgt2006-03-23T015359-0500lt/publishe
  dgt
• ltcontentgtlt!CDATAThis is my first Atom
  entry!ltbr /gtMore to followgtlt/contentgt
• lt/entrygt
• lt/feedgt

43
DOM Document Modificationdom/modify.php

• / Assume entry refers to the first entry
  element within the Atom document /
• while (entry-gthasChildNodes())
• entry-gtremoveChild(entry-gtfirstChild)
• OR
• node entry-gtlastChild
• while(node)
• prev node-gtpreviousSibling
• entry-gtremoveChild(node)
• node prev
• / This Will Not Work! /
• foreach(entry-gtchildNodes AS node)
• entry-gtremoveChild(node)

/ These will work / children
entry-gtchildNodes length children-gtlength -
1 for (xlength x gt0 x--)
entry-gtremoveChild(children-gtitem(x)) OR
elem entry-gtcloneNode(FALSE) entry-gtparentNod
e-gtreplaceChild(elem,
entry)
44
DOM and Namespaces

• ltxsdcomplexType
• xmlnsxsd"http//www.w3.org/2001/XM
  LSchema"
• xmlnswsdl"http//schemas.xmlsoap.o
  rg/wsdl/"
• name"ArrayOfint"gt
• ltxsdcomplexContentgt
• ltxsdrestriction base"soapencArray"gt
• ltxsdattribute ref"soapencarrayType"
• 
  wsdlarrayType"xsdint "/gt
• lt/xsdrestrictiongt
• lt/xsdcomplexContentgt
• lt/xsdcomplexTypegt

45
Dom and Namepsacesdom/namespace.php

• define("SCHEMA_NS", "http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSch
  ema")
• define("WSDL_NS", "http//schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl
  /")
• dom new DOMDocument()
• root dom-gtcreateElementNS(SCHEMA_NS,
  "xsdcomplexType")
• dom-gtappendChild(root)
• root-gtsetAttributeNS("http//www.w3.org/2000/xmln
  s/", "xmlnswsdl", WSDL_NS)
• root-gtsetAttribute("name", "ArrayOfint")
• content root-gtappendChild(new
  DOMElement("xsdcomplexContent", NULL,
  SCHEMA_NS))
• restriction content-gtappendChild(new
  DOMElement("xsdrestriction", NULL, SCHEMA_NS))
• restriction-gtsetAttribute("base",
  "soapencArray")
• attribute restriction-gtappendChild(new
  DOMElement("xsdattribute", NULL, SCHEMA_NS))
• attribute-gtsetAttribute("ref",
  "soapencarrayType")
• attribute-gtsetAttributeNS(WSDL_NS,
  "wsdlarrayType", "xsdint")

46
DOM and Xpathdom/xpath/dom-xpath.xml

• ltstoregt
• ltbooksgt
• ltraregt
• ltbook qty"4"gt
• ltnamegtCannery Rowlt/namegt
• ltpricegt400.00lt/pricegt
• lteditiongt1lt/editiongt
• lt/bookgt
• lt/raregt
• ltclassicsgt
• ltbook qty"25"gt
• ltnamegtGrapes of Wrathlt/namegt
• ltpricegt12.99lt/pricegt
• lt/bookgt
• ltbook qty"25"gt
• ltnamegtOf Mice and Menlt/namegt
• ltpricegt9.99lt/pricegt
• lt/bookgt
• lt/classicsgt

47
DOM and Xpathdom/xpath/dom-xpath.php

• doc new DOMDocument()
• doc-gtload('dom-xpath.xml')
• xpath new DOMXPath(doc)
• nodelist xpath-gtquery("//name")
• print "Last Book Title ".nodelist-gtitem(nodelis
  t-gtlength - 1)-gttextContent."\n"
• nodelist xpath-gtquery("//nameancestorrare"
  )
• print "Last Rare Book Title ".nodelist-gtitem(no
  delist-gtlength - 1)-gtnodeValue."\n"
• inventory xpath-gtevaluate("sum(//book/_at_qty)")
  
• print "Total Books ".inventory."\n"
• inventory xpath-gtevaluate("sum(//classics/book
  /_at_qty)")
• print "Total Classic Books ".inventory."\n"
• inventory xpath-gtevaluate("count(//bookparent
  classics)")
• print "Distinct Classic Book Titles
  ".inventory."\n"

48
DOM and Xpath Results

• / nodelist xpath-gtquery("//name")
• nodelist-gtitem(nodelist-gtlength -
  1)-gttextContent /
• Last Book Title Of Mice and Men
• / xpath-gtquery("//nameancestorrare")
• nodelist-gtitem(nodelist-gtlength - 1)-gtnodeValue
  /
• Last Rare Book Title Cannery Row
• / xpath-gtevaluate("sum(//book/_at_qty)") /
• Total Books 54
• / xpath-gtevaluate("sum(//classics/book/_at_qty)")
  /
• Total Classic Books 50
• / xpath-gtevaluate("count(//bookparentclassics
  )") /
• Distinct Classic Book Titles 2

49
DOM and Xpath w/Namespaces dom/xpath/dom-xpathns.
xml

• ltstore xmlns"http//www.example.com/store"
  xmlnsbk"http//www.example.com/book"gt
• ltbooksgt
• ltraregt
• ltbkbook qty"4"gt
• ltbknamegtCannery Rowlt/bknamegt
• ltbkpricegt400.00lt/bkpricegt
• ltbkeditiongt1lt/bkeditiongt
• lt/bkbookgt
• lt/raregt
• ltclassicsgt
• ltbkbook qty"25"gt
• ltbknamegtGrapes of Wrathlt/bknamegt
• ltbkpricegt12.99lt/bkpricegt
• lt/bkbookgt
• ltbkbook qty"25" xmlnsbk"http//www.ex
  ample.com/classicbook"gt
• ltbknamegtOf Mice and Menlt/bknamegt
• ltbkpricegt9.99lt/bkpricegt
• lt/bkbookgt
• lt/classicsgt

50
DOM and Xpath w/Namespacesdom/xpath/dom-xpathns.p
hp

• nodelist xpath-gtquery("//name")
• print "Last Book Title ".nodelist-gtitem(nodelis
  t-gtlength - 1)-gttextContent."\n"
• // Last Book Title / Why empty? /
• nodelist xpath-gtquery("//bkname")
• print "Last Book Title ".nodelist-gtitem(nodelis
  t-gtlength - 1)-gttextContent."\n"
• // Last Book Title Grapes of Wrath / Why not
  "Of Mice and Men" /
• nodelist xpath-gtquery("//bknameancestorrar
  e")
• print "Last Rare Book Title ".nodelist-gtitem(no
  delist-gtlength - 1)-gtnodeValue."\n"
• // Last Rare Book Title / Why empty? /
• xpath-gtregisterNamespace("rt",
  "http//www.example.com/store")
• nodelist xpath-gtquery("//bknameancestorrt
  rare")
• print "Last Rare Book Title ".nodelist-gtitem(no
  delist-gtlength - 1)-gtnodeValue."\n"
• // Last Rare Book Title Cannery Row
• xpath-gtregisterNamespace("ext",
  "http//www.example.com/ExteralClassics")
• nodelist xpath-gtquery("(//bkname)
  (//extname)")

51
DOM and Xpath w/Namespacesdom/xpath/dom-xpathns.p
hp

• xpath-gtregisterNamespace("bk2",
  "http//www.example.com/classicbook")
• nodelist xpath-gtquery("//bk2name")
• print "Last Book Title (bk2) "
• print nodelist-gtitem(nodelist-gtlength -
  1)-gttextContent."\n"
• // Last Book Title (bk2) Of Mice and Men
• Complete Results
• Last Book Title
• Last Book Title Grapes of Wrath
• Last Rare Book Title
• Last Rare Book Title Cannery Row
• Last Book Title To Kill a Mockingbird
• Last Book Title (bk2) Of Mice and Men

52
Performing Validationdom/validation/validate.php

• doc new DOMDocument()
• print "DTD Validation\n"
• doc-gtload('courses-dtd.xml', LIBXML_DTDVALID)
• / No errors means document is valid /
• if (doc-gtvalidate()) print " Document Is
  Valid\n"
• print "DTD Validation FAILURE\n"
• doc-gtload('course-id.xml')
• if (doc-gtvalidate()) print " Document Is
  Valid\n"
• doc-gtload('course.xml')
• print "\nXML Schema Validation\n"
• if (doc-gtschemaValidate('course.xsd'))
  print " Document is valid\n"
• doc-gtload('course.xml')
• print "\nRelaxNG Validation\n"
• if (doc-gtrelaxNGValidate('course.rng'))
  print " Document is valid\n"

53
Performing Validation Results

• DTD Validation
• Document Is Valid
• DTD Validation FAILURE
• Warning DOMDocumentvalidate() No declaration
  for element courses in /home/rrichards/workshop/do
  m/validation/validate.php on line 11
• Warning DOMDocumentvalidate() No declaration
  for element course in /home/rrichards/workshop/dom
  /validation/validate.php on line 11
• Warning DOMDocumentvalidate() No declaration
  for element title in /home/rrichards/workshop/dom/
  validation/validate.php on line 11
• . . .
• XML Schema Validation
• Document is valid
• RelaxNG Validation
• Document is valid

54
Extending DOM Classes

• Overriding the constructor requires the parent
  constructor to be called.
• Properties built into the DOM classes cannot be
  overridden.
• Methods built into the DOM classes may can be
  overridden.
• The lifespan of an extended object is that of the
  object itself.

55
Extending DOM Classes dom/extending/extending.php

• class customElement extends DOMElement
• class customDoc extends DOMDocument
• public nodeName "customDoc"
• function __construct(rootName)
• parent__construct()
• if (! empty(rootName))
• element this-gtappendChild(new
  DOMElement(rootName))
• function createElement(name, value,
  parentNULL)
• custom new customElement(name, value)
• if (parent (parent instanceof
  DOMElement))
• parent-gtappendChild(custom)
• return custom

56
DOM Object Scopedom/extending/object_scope.php

• class customElement extends DOMElement
• function changeit(doc)
• myelement new customElement("custom",
  "element2")
• doc-gtreplaceChild(myelement,
  doc-gtdocumentElement)
• print "Within changeit function
  ".get_class(doc-gtdocumentElement)."\n"
• doc new DOMDocument()
• myelement doc-gtappendChild(new
  customElement("custom", "element"))
• print "After Append ".get_class(myelement)."\n"
  
• unset(myelement)
• print "After unset ".get_class(doc-gtdocumentElem
  ent)."\n"
• changeit(doc)
• print "Outside changeit() ".get_class(doc-gtdocum
  entElement)."\n"

57
DOM registerNodeClass dom/extending/register_nod
e_class.php

• class customElement extends DOMElement
• function changeit(doc)
• myelement new DOMElement("custom",
  "element2")
• doc-gtreplaceChild(myelement,
  doc-gtdocumentElement)
• print "Within changeit function
  ".get_class(doc-gtdocumentElement)."\n"
• doc new DOMDocument()
• doc-gtregisterNodeClass('DOMElement',
  'customElement')
• myelement doc-gtappendChild(doc-gtcreateElement
  ("custom", "element"))
• print "After Append ".get_class(myelement)."\n"
  
• unset(myelement)
• print "After unset ".get_class(doc-gtdocumentElem
  ent)."\n"
• changeit(doc)
• print "Outside changeit() ".get_class(doc-gtdocum
  entElement)."\n"

58
DOMCommon Issues

• DOM Objects and Sessions
• Removing Nodes while iterating a Nodeset skips
  nodes
• XML Tree contains garbled characters
• Extended class is not returned from property or
  method
• Elements not being returned by ID
• Entity errors are issues when loading a document
• New DTD is not recognized by document

59
SimpleXML

• Provides simple access to XML documents
• Operates only on elements and attributes
• Contains XPath support
• Allows for modifications to the XML
• Zero copy interoperability with DOM
• New in PHP 5.1.3
• Elements and attributes can be added using
  addChild() and addAttribute() methods.
• Node names can be retrieved by calling getName().

60
SimpleXML Consuming Yahoo WebSearch
simplexml/yahoo_rest_results.xml

• ltResultSet xmlnsxsi"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSc
  hema-instance"
• xmlns"urnyahoosrch"
• xsischemaLocation"urnyahoosrc
  h
• http//api.search.yahoo.com/WebSearchService/V1/W
  ebSearchResponse.xsd"
• totalResultsAvailable"374000"
  totalResultsReturned"5" firstResultPosition"1"gt
• ltResultgt
• ltTitlegtZend Technologies - PHP 5 In Depth -
  XML in PHP 5 - What's New?lt/Titlegt
• ltSummarygtXML in PHP 5 - What's New? By
  Christian Stocker. March . . . lt/Summarygt
• ltUrlgthttp//www.zend.com/php5/articles/php5-
  xmlphp.phplt/Urlgt
• ltClickUrlgthttp//uk.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt. .
  .lt/ClickUrlgt
• ltModificationDategt1143014400lt/ModificationDa
  tegt
• ltMimeTypegttext/htmllt/MimeTypegt
• ltCachegt
• ltUrlgthttp//uk.wrs.yahoo.com/...lt/Urlgt
• ltSizegt112625lt/Sizegt
• lt/Cachegt
• lt/Resultgt
• . . .
• lt/Resultsgt

61
SimpleXML Consuming Yahoo WebSearch
simplexml/reading_rest.php

• / URL to Web Search service /
• url 'http//api.search.yahoo.com/WebSearchServi
  ce/V1/webSearch'
• / The query is separate here as the terms must
  be encoded. /
• url . '?query'.rawurlencode('php5 xml')
• / Complete the URL adding App ID, limit to 5
  results and only English results /
• url . "appidzzzresults5languageen"
• sxe simplexml_load_file(url)
• / Check for number of results returned /
• if ((int)sxe'totalResultsReturned' gt 0)
• / Loop through each result and output title,
  url and modification date /
• foreach (sxe-gtResult AS result)
• print 'Title '.result-gtTitle."\n"
• print 'Url '.result-gtUrl."\n"
• print 'Mod Date '.date ('M d Y',
  (int)result-gtModificationDate)."\n\n"

62
SimpleXML Consuming Yahoo WebSearch RESULTS

• Title Zend Technologies - PHP 5 In Depth - XML
  in PHP 5 - What's New?
• Url http//www.zend.com/php5/articles/php5-xmlphp
  .php
• Mod Date Sep 06 2006
• Title FreshPorts -- textproc/php5-xml
• Url http//www.freshports.org/textproc/php5-xml
• Mod Date Aug 31 2006
• Title PHP5 XML support? - Dev Shed
• Url http//forums.devshed.com/php-development-5/p
  hp5-xml-support-69898.html
• Mod Date Aug 21 2006
• Title ONLamp.com -- Using PHP 5's SimpleXML
• Url http//www.onlamp.com/pub/a/php/2004/01/15/si
  mplexml.html
• Mod Date Sep 06 2006
• Title PHP5 XML/XSL - Rendering strings? - PHP
• Url http//www.thescripts.com/forum/thread5141.ht
  ml
• Mod Date Sep 01 2006

63

• ltstore xmlns"http//www.example.com/store"
  xmlnsbk"http//www.example.com/book"gt
• ltbooksgt
• ltraregt
• ltbkbook qty"4"gt
• ltbknamegtCannery Rowlt/bknamegt
• ltbkpricegt400.00lt/bkpricegtltbkedition
  gt1lt/bkeditiongt
• lt/bkbookgt
• lt/raregt
• ltclassicsgt
• ltbkbook qty"25"gt
• ltbknamegtGrapes of Wrathlt/bknamegt
• ltbkpricegt12.99lt/bkpricegt
• lt/bkbookgt
• ltbkbook qty"25" xmlnsbk"http//www.ex
  ample.com/classicbook"gt
• ltbknamegtOf Mice and Menlt/bknamegt
• ltbkpricegt9.99lt/bkpricegt
• lt/bkbookgt
• lt/classicsgt
• ltclassics xmlns"http//www.example.com/Exte
  ralClassics"gt

64
SimpleXML Namespacessimplexml/simplexml-namespac
e.php

• store simplexml_load_file('simplexml-xpathns.xm
  l')
• books store-gtbooks
• foreach (books-gtclassics AS classic)
• if (classic-gtbook)
• print classic-gtbook-gtname."\n\n"
• / Why only one result? To Kill a Mockingbird /
• x 0
• foreach (books-gtclassics AS classics)
• if (x 0)
• children classics-gtchildren("http//
  www.example.com/classicbook")
• / Print name for the books where book
  element resides in a prefixed namespace /
• print classics-gtchildren("http//www.ex
  ample.com/book")-gtbook-gtname."\n"
• print children-gtbook-gtname."\n"
• else
• print classic-gtbook-gtname."\n"

65
SimpleXML Namespaces Results

• To Kill a Mockingbird
• Grapes of Wrath
• Of Mice and Men
• To Kill a Mockingbird

66
SimpleXML Xpathsimplexml/simplexml-xpathns.php

• sxe simplexml_load_file('simplexml-xpathns.xml'
  )
• nodelist sxe-gtxpath("//bkname")
• print "Last Book Title ".nodelistcount(nodelis
  t) - 1."\n"
• sxe-gtregisterXPathNamespace("rt",
  "http//www.example.com/store")
• nodelist sxe-gtxpath("//bknameancestorrtra
  re")
• print "Last Rare Book Title ".nodelistcount(no
  delist) - 1."\n"
• sxe-gtregisterXPathNamespace("ext",
  "http//www.example.com/ExteralClassics")
• nodelist sxe-gtxpath("(//bkname)
  (//extname)")
• print "Last Book Title ".nodelistcount(nodelis
  t) - 1."\n"
• sxe-gtregisterXPathNamespace("bk2",
  "http//www.example.com/classicbook")
• nodelist sxe-gtxpath("//bk2name")
• print "Last Book Title (bk2) ".nodelistcount(n
  odelist) - 1."\n"

67
SimpleXML XPath Results

• Last Book Title Grapes of Wrath
• Last Rare Book Title Cannery Row
• Last Book Title To Kill a Mockingbird
• Last Book Title (bk2) Of Mice and Men

68
SimpleXML Advanced Editingsimplexml/editing.php

• data array(array('title'gt'Result 1',
  'descript'gt'Res1 description'),
• array('title'gt'Result 2',
  'descript'gt'description of Res2'),
• array('title'gt'Result 3',
  'descript'gt'This is result 3'))
• class webservice extends simpleXMLElement
• public function appendElement(name,
  valueNULL)
• node dom_import_simplexml(this)
• newnode value ? new DOMElement(name,
  value) new DOMElement(name)
• node-gtappendChild(newnode)
• return simplexml_import_dom(newnode,
  'webservice')
• rest simplexml_load_string('ltresults num"0"
  /gt', 'webservice')
• rest'num' count(data)
• foreach (data AS result_item)
• result rest-gtappendElement('result')
• result-gtappendElement('title',
  result_item'title')
• result-gtappendElement('description')

69
SimpleXML Advanced Editing Results

• lt?xml version"1.0"?gt
• ltresults num"3"gt
• ltresultgt
• lttitlegtResult 1lt/titlegt
• ltdescriptiongtRes1 descriptionlt/descripti
  ongt
• lt/resultgt
• ltresultgt
• lttitlegtResult 2lt/titlegt
• ltdescriptiongtdescription of
  Res2lt/descriptiongt
• lt/resultgt
• ltresultgt
• lttitlegtResult 3lt/titlegt
• ltdescriptiongtThis is result
  3lt/descriptiongt
• lt/resultgt
• lt/resultsgt

70
SimpleXML Advanced Editing PHP
5.1.3simplexml/editing_php513.php

• data array(array('title'gt'Result 1',
  'descript'gt'Res1 description'),
• array('title'gt'Result 2',
  'descript'gt'description of Res2'),
• array('title'gt'Result 3',
  'descript'gt'This is result 3'))
• rest simplexml_load_string('ltresults num"0"
  /gt')
• rest'num' count(data)
• foreach (data AS result_item)
• result rest-gtaddChild('result')
• result-gtaddChild('title', result_item'title'
  )
• result-gtaddChild('description')
• result-gtdescription result_item'descript'
  
• rest-gtasXML('editing_php513.xml')

71
SimpleXML Removing data remove_data.php

• lt?php
• results simplexml_load_file('editing_php513.xml
  ')
• / Delete title from first result element /
• unset(results-gtresult-gttitle)
• / Delete the 2nd result element - ONLY WORKS in
  PHP 5.1.3 /
• unset(results-gtresult1)
• print results-gtasXML()
• ?gt

72
SimpleXML Removing data RESULTS

• lt?xml version"1.0"?gt
• ltresults num"3"gt
• ltresultgt
• ltdescriptiongtRes1 descriptionlt/descriptiongt
• lt/resultgt
• ltresultgt
• lttitlegtResult 3lt/titlegt
• ltdescriptiongtThis is result 3lt/descriptiongt
• lt/resultgt
• lt/resultsgt

73
Simple API for XML (SAX)

• Event based push parser
• Low memory usage
• Works using function callbacks
• Almost completely compatible with ext/xml from
  PHP 4
• Default encoding is UTF-8 rather than
  ISO-8859-1 as it was in PHP 4

74
SAX Source Document xml/xml_simple.xml

• lt?xml version'1.0'?gt
• ltchapter xmlnsa"http//www.example.com/namespace
  -a"
• xmlns"http//www.example.com/defau
  lt"gt
• ltatitlegtext/xmllt/atitlegt
• ltparagt
• First Paragraph
• lt/paragt
• ltasection aid"about"gt
• lttitlegtAbout this Documentlt/titlegt
• ltparagt
• lt!-- this is a comment --gt
• lt?php echo 'Hi! This is PHP version ' .
  phpversion() ?gt
• lt/paragt
• lt/asectiongt
• lt/chaptergt

75
SAX Simple Example xml/xml_simple.php

• lt?php
• function startElement(parser, elementname,
  attributes)
• print " Start Element elementname \n"
• foreach (attributes as attname gt attvalue)
  
• print " attname gt attvalue \n"
• function endElement(parser, elementname)
• print " End Element elementname\n"
• function charDataHandler(parser,data)
• if (trim(data) ! "") print data."\n"
• function PIhandler (parser, target, data)
• print "PI target -gt data\n"

76
SAX Simple Example xml/xml_simple.php

• parser xml_parser_create()
• / Disable as case is significant in XML /
• xml_parser_set_option(parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOL
  DING, false)
• xml_set_element_handler(parser,"startElement","en
  dElement")
• xml_set_character_data_handler(parser,
  "charDataHandler")
• xml_set_processing_instruction_handler (parser,
  "PIhandler")
• xml_set_default_handler (parser,
  "DefaultHandler")
• if ((fp fopen("xml_simple.xml", "r")))
• while (data fread(fp, 4096))
• xml_parse(parser, data, feof(fp))
• ?gt

77
SAX Simple Example RESULTS

• Start Element chapter
• xmlnsa gt http//www.example.com/namespace-a
• xmlns gt http//www.example.com/default
• Start Element atitle
• ext/xml
• End Element atitle
• Start Element para
• First Paragraph
• End Element para
• Start Element asection
• aid gt about
• Start Element title
• About this Document
• End Element title
• Start Element para
• Default lt!-- this is a comment --gt
• PI php -gt echo 'Hi! This is PHP version ' .
  phpversion()
• End Element para

78
SAX Error Handling xml/xml_error.php

• lt?php
• / Malformed document /
• data "ltrootgt"
• parser xml_parser_create()
• if(! xml_parse(parser, data, TRUE))
• / Normally die is or some other escape
  mechanism is also called/
• printf("XML error s in line d, column
  d\n\n",
• xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code(par
  ser)),
• xml_get_current_line_number(parser),
• xml_get_current_column_number(parser))
  
• / Magically you can also get a structured error
  /
• xmlError libxml_get_last_error()
• var_dump(xmlError)
• ?gt

79
SAX Error Handling RESULTS

• XML error Invalid document end in line 1, column
  7
• object(LibXMLError)1 (6)
• "level"gt
• int(3)
• "code"gt
• int(5)
• "column"gt
• int(7)
• "message"gt
• string(41) "Extra content at the end of the
  document
• "
• "file"gt
• string(0) ""
• "line"gt
• int(1)

80
SAX Advanced Example xml/xml_advanced.php

• class cSax
• function startElement(parser, elementname,
  attributes)
• list(namespaceURI,localName)
  split("_at_",elementname)
• if (! localName)
• localName namespaceURI
• namespaceURI ""
• print " Start Element localName".
• (namespaceURI ? " in
  namespaceURI" "")."\n"
• foreach (attributes as attname gt
  attvalue)
• print " attname gt attvalue \n"
• function endElement(parser, elementname)
• list(namespaceURI,localName)
  split("_at_",elementname)
• if (! localName)
• localName namespaceURI
• namespaceURI ""

81
SAX Advanced Example xml/xml_advanced.php

• objcSax new cSax()
• parser xml_parser_create_ns("ISO-8859-1","_at_")
• / Disable as case is significant in XML /
• xml_parser_set_option(parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOL
  DING,
• false)
• xml_set_object(parser, objcSax)
• xml_set_element_handler(parser,"startElement","en
  dElement")
• if ((fp fopen("xml_simple.xml", "r")))
• while (data fread(fp, 4096))
• if (! xml_parse(parser, data,
  feof(fp)))
• xmlError libxml_get_last_error()
• var_dump(xmlError)
• exit

82
SAX Advanced Example RESULTS

• Start Element chapter in http//www.example.com
  /default
• Start Element title in http//www.example.com/n
  amespace-a
• End Element title in http//www.example.com/nam
  espace-a
• Start Element para in http//www.example.com/de
  fault
• End Element para in http//www.example.com/defa
  ult
• Start Element section in http//www.example.com
  /namespace-a
• http//www.example.com/namespace-a_at_id gt about
  
• Start Element title in http//www.example.com/d
  efault
• End Element title in http//www.example.com/def
  ault
• Start Element para in http//www.example.com/de
  fault
• End Element para in http//www.example.com/defa
  ult
• End Element section in http//www.example.com/n
  amespace-a
• End Element chapter in http//www.example.com/d
  efault

83
XMLReader

• Forward moving stream based parser
• It is a Pull parser
• Based on the C XmlTextReader API
• Advantages
• Low memory footprint
• Namespace support
• Simple API
• Validation support
• Advanced Feature Set
• Faster Processing

84
XMLReader Simple Examplexmlreader/reader_simple.
xml

• lt?xml version'1.0'?gt
• ltchapter xmlnsa"http//www.example.com/namespace
  -a"
• xmlns"http//www.example.com/defau
  lt"gt
• ltatitlegtXMLReaderlt/atitlegt
• ltparagt
• First Paragraph
• lt/paragt
• ltasection aid"about"gt
• lttitlegtAbout this Documentlt/titlegt
• ltparagt
• lt!-- this is a comment --gt
• lt?php echo 'Hi! This is PHP version ' .
  phpversion() ?gt
• lt/paragt
• lt/asectiongt
• lt/chaptergt

85
XMLReader Simple Examplexmlreader/reader_simple.
php

• reader new XMLReader()
• reader-gtopen('reader_simple.xml')
• reader-gtread()
• print "xmlns Attribute value ".reader-gtgetAttrib
  uteNo(0)."\n\n"
• while (reader-gtread() reader-gtname !
  "atitle")
• print "Local Name for Element ".reader-gtlocalNam
  e."\n"
• print "Namespace URI for Element
  ".reader-gtnamespaceURI."\n"
• while(reader-gtread())
• switch (reader-gtnodeType)
• case XMLReaderELEMENT
• print "Element ".reader-gtname."\n"
• if (reader-gthasAttributes
  reader-gtmoveToFirstAttribute())
• do
• print " ".reader-gtname."".
  reader-gtvalue."\n"
• while(reader-gtmoveToNextAttribut
  e())
• break

86
XMLReader Simple ExampleRESULTS

• Local Name for Element title
• Namespace URI for Element http//www.example.co
  m/namespace-a
• Element para
• Element asection
• aidabout
• Element title
• Element para
• PI Target php
• PI Data echo 'Hi! This is PHP version ' .
  phpversion()

87
XMLReader Consuming Yahoo Shopping

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"ISO-8859-1"?gt
• ltResultSet xmlnsxsi"http//www.w3.org/2001/XMLSc
  hema-instance" xmlns"urnyahooprods"
• xsischemaLocation"urnyahooprods
  http//api.shopping.yahoo.com/shoppingservice/v1/p
  roductsearch.xsd"
• totalResultsAvailable"8850"
  firstResultPosition"2" totalResultsReturned"2"gt
• ltResultgt
• ltCatalog ID"1991433722"gt
• ltUrlgtlt!CDATAhttp//shopping.yahoo.com/pLi
  nksys. . .2gtlt/Urlgt
• ltProductNamegtlt!CDATALinksys WRT5. . .r
  Broadband Routergtlt/ProductNamegt
• ltPriceFromgt59.99lt/PriceFromgt
• ltPriceTogt100.00lt/PriceTogt
• ltThumbnail /gtlt!-- child elements Url
  (CDATA), Height, Width --gt
• ltDescriptiongtlt!CDATAThe Wireless-G . .
  .ces.gtlt/Descriptiongt
• ltSummarygtlt!CDATAIEEE 802.3,
  ...gtlt/Summarygt
• ltUserRating /gtlt!-- Rating sub elements --gt
• ltSpecificationList /gtlt!-- 0 Specification
  child elements --gt
• lt/SpecificationListgt
• lt/Cataloggt
• lt/Resultgt
• lt/ResultSetgt

88
XMLReader Consuming Yahoo Shoppingxmlreader/rest
_yahoo_shopping.php

• function getTextValue(reader) ...
• function processCatalog(reader) ...
• function processResult(reader) ...
• / URL to Product Search service /
• url 'http//api.shopping.yahoo.com/ShoppingServ
  ice/V1/productSearch'
• / The query is separate here as the terms must
  be encoded. /
• url . '?query'.rawurlencode('linksys')
• / Complete the URL with App ID, limit to 1
  result and start at second record /
• url . "appidzzzresults2start2"
• reader new XMLReader()
• if (! reader-gtopen(url)) print "Cannot access
  Webservice\n" exit
• while(reader-gtname ! "Result")
  reader-gtread()
• do

89
XMLReader Consuming Yahoo Shoppingxmlreader/rest
_yahoo_shopping.php

• function getTextValue(reader)
• if (reader-gtnodeType ! XMLReaderELEMENT
  reader-gtisEmptyElement
• (reader-gtread()
  reader-gtnodeType XMLReaderEND_ELEMENT))
• return
• retVal reader-gtvalue
• reader-gtread()
• return retVal
• function processResult(reader)
• depth reader-gtdepth
• if (reader-gtisEmptyElement
  (reader-gtread()
• reader-gtnodeType
  XMLReaderEND_ELEMENT))
• return
• while(depth lt reader-gtdepth
  reader-gtname ! "Catalog") reader-gtread()
• processCatalog(reader)
• / Read until lt/Resultgt is encountered /
• while(depth lt reader-gtdepth)
  reader-gtread()

90
XMLReader Consuming Yahoo Shoppingxmlreader/rest
_yahoo_shopping.php

• function processCatalog(reader)
• depth reader-gtdepth
• print "Catalog ID".reader-gtgetAttribute('ID')
  ."\n"
• if (reader-gtisEmptyElement
  (reader-gtread()
• reader-gtnodeType
  XMLReaderEND_ELEMENT))
• return
• while(depth lt reader-gtdepth)
• switch (reader-gtname)
• case "ProductName"
• case "PriceFrom"
• case "PriceTo"
• case "Description"
• case "Url"
• print reader-gtname."
  ".getTextValue(reader)."\n"
• reader-gtnext()

91
XMLReader Consuming Yahoo ShoppingRESULTS
(Abbreviated)

• Catalog ID1990338714
• Url http//shopping.yahoo.com/pLinksys20Instant
  20Broadband20EtherFast20Cable2FDSL20Router19
  90338714
• ProductName Linksys Instant Broadband EtherFast
  Cable/DSL Router
• PriceFrom 39.99
• PriceTo 72.71
• Description ltPgtLinksys, a provider of networking
  hardware for the small/medium business (SMB),
  small office/home office (SOHO), and enterprise
  markets and broadband networking hardware for the
  home, has announced the new EtherFast Cable/DSL
  Router. The first in the new Instant Broadband
  series, this Linksys broadband router will enable
  home or office users to connect their computers
  to a cable or DSL modem and securely share
  Internet access and perform networking tasks such
  as file and printer sharing. The built-in
  hardware firewall gives users the security of
  sharing files without fear of intruders hacking
  into the network. lt/Pgt

92
XMLReader DTD Validationxmlreader/validation/rea
der.xml

• lt!DOCTYPE chapter
• lt!ELEMENT chapter (title, para, section)gt
• lt!ELEMENT title (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ELEMENT para ANYgt
• lt!ATTLIST para name CDATA "default"gt
• lt!ELEMENT section (PCDATA)gt
• lt!ATTLIST section id ID REQUIREDgt
• gt
• ltchaptergt
• lttitlegtXMLReaderlt/titlegt
• ltparagt
• First Paragraph
• lt/paragt
• ltsection id"about"gt
• lttitlegtAbout this Documentlt/titlegt
• ltparagtcontentlt/paragt
• lt/sectiongt
• lt/chaptergt

93
XMLReader DTD Validationxmlreader/validation/rea
der.php

• objReader XMLReaderopen('reader.xml')
• objReader-gtsetParserProperty(XMLReaderVALIDATE,
  TRUE)
• / As of PHP 5.2 LIBXML Parser Options may be
  passed /
• // objReader XMLReaderopen('reader.xml',
  NULL, LIBXML_DTDVALID)
• libxml_use_internal_errors(TRUE)
• while (objReader-gtread())
• if (! objReader-gtisValid())
• print "NOT VALID\n"
• break
• arErrors libxml_get_errors()
• foreach (arErrors AS xmlError)
• print xmlError-gtmessage

94
XMLReader DTD ValidationRESULTS

• NOT VALID
• Element section was declared PCDATA but contains
  non text nodes

95
XMLReader Relax NG Validationxmlreader/validatio
n/reader.rng

• lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"utf-8" ?gt
• ltelement name"chapter"
• xmlns"http//relaxng.org/ns/struc
  ture/1.0"gt
• ltelement name"title"gt
• lttext/gt
• lt/elementgt
• ltelement name"para"gt
• lttext/gt
• lt/elementgt
• ltelement name"section"gt
• ltattribute name"id" /gt
• lttext/gt
• lt/elementgt
• lt/elementgt

96
XMLReader Relax NG Validationxmlreader/validatio
n/reader-rng.php

• objReader XMLReaderopen('reader.xml')
• objReader-gtsetRelaxNGSchema('reader.rng')
• libxml_use_internal_errors(TRUE)
• while (objReader-gtread())
• if (! objReader-gtisValid())
• print "NOT VALID\n"
• break
• arErrors libxml_get_errors()
• foreach (arErrors AS xmlError)
• print xmlError-gtmessage

97
XMLReader Relax NG Validation RESULTS

• NOT VALID
• Did not expect element title there

98
XSL

• Used to transform XML data