Activities on

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Activities on Regional Air Pollution in Asia
Mylvakanam Iyngararasan UNEP Regional Office for
Asia and the Pacific
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CONTENTS
ASEAN Haze agreement Central Asia Environment
Convention South Asia Male Declaration East
Asia EANET Asia ABC
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Male Declaration

• Development
• March 1998 Policy Dialogue
• April 1998 Adoption of the Declaration
• Implementation
• Phase I Awareness and preparation of the
  baseline information
• Phase II Local capacity development for
  monitoring and analysis
• Member states

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Monitoring
Trained national institutions. Established
monitoring stations.
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Impact Assessment

• Methodology
• Regional Training
• National Level case studies
• Dissemination

Health
School Teachers and Childen participating in the
health impact assessment study, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Corrosion
Crop
Clover plant planted at the BAU campus to detect
the impacts of air pollutants on crop
Corrosion monitoring track installed in
Kathmandu, Nepal
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Inventory and Modeling

• Emissions inventory manual accompanied by a
  workbook (Excel) for compilation
• Input for the development of a comprehensive
  manual for the development of emission scenarios
• An integrated information and assessment system
  (IIAS) and Users Manual

Training workshops July 06, Feb 07 Feb 08 at
RRCAP
Integrated Information and Assessment System
(IIAS)
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Decision Support Information

• (i) Technical support for demonstration
• Provided technical support for an eco-village
  demonstration project

Eco village was opened by the President of Sri
Lanka in March 2006

• (ii) Good practices
• Identify the areas for pollution control and
  abatement in each of the participating countries
  
• Collate success stories (for pollution control
  and abetment)
• Dissemination of success stories in the
  participating countries.

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Rise Awareness

• (i) Publication on Male Declaration
• Draft was adopted the IG8
• will be published by the IG9
• (ii) Newsletter and Brochure
• To disseminate Malé Declaration related
  information to the public and stakeholders.
• The content of the newsletter has largely been
  reports on the networks activities
• (iv) Networking with youths
• South Asia Youth Environment Network (SAYEN) is
  participating in the awareness activities.

• (v) National Level Awareness- Bangladesh
• TV programmes
• Stage drama
• Posters

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IG 9 Adopted plan for the next 3 years

• Objectives
• Strengthen regional cooperation and move towards
  development of a regional agreement
• Strengthen the air pollution monitoring network
  and conduct regular monitoring of high quality
• Enhance the impact assessment capacity of the
  national institutions and assess the impacts of
  air pollution in the participating countries
• Enhance the capacity of NIAs regarding emission
  inventory development, atmospheric transfer of
  pollutants and Integrated Assessment Modeling
• Assist the member countries of with air pollution
  reduction policies
• Raise awareness for action through targeted
  dissemination

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Male Declaration for South Asia
EANET for East Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
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EANET

• Objectives
• Common understanding on stat of acid deposition
• Inputs for decision making
• Cooperation on the issue related to acid
  deposition

Participation 13 countries in East Asian region,
which includes Northeast and Southeast Asia, that
expressed at the Second Intergovernmental Meeting
their intention to participate in the Network
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EANET Institutional Arrangement
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EANET Monitoring Network
Monitoring Dry Deposition
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IG9, Vientiane, Lao PDR on 19 and 20 November

• IG6 in November 2004, established a Working Group
  on Future Development of EANET.
• Two task force and four expert groups were
  established
• the Task Force on Monitoring Instrumentation
• Task Force on Research Coordination
• Expert Group on Dry Deposition Flux Estimation
  under the existing Task Force on Dry Deposition
  Monitoring
• Expert Group on Preparation of Second Periodic
  Report on State of Acid Deposition in East Asia
• Expert Group on Revision of Technical Manual on
  Wet Deposition Monitoring and Expert Group on
  Revision of Technical Manual on Inland Aquatic
  Environment Monitoring.
• Agreed to develop the Second report for the
  policy makers
• Participating countries agreed to discuss an
  appropriate instrument for financial contribution
  to EANET for reporting at the (IG10) in 2008.

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Male Declaration for South Asia
EANET for East Asia
Atmospheric Brown Clouds (ABC)
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Aerosol Particulates

• Haze at 5km up to 3km high
• Size of continental US
• Covering Indian Ocean, South Asia, Southeast Asia
  and China

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Brown Cloud Chemical Composition
Ramanathan et al, 2001 Lelieveld et al, 2001
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Effects of Brown Cloud
Cloud Seeding (Cooling)
Prof. Ramanathan
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Major Components of Project ABC

• The project ABC comprised of 3 major programmes
• Observation establishment of a network of ground
  based monitoring stations across the Asia and
  Pacific region for data collection and capacity
  building.
• Impact assessment assessment of the potential
  impacts of ABC on agriculture, water, and health
  using the data from the monitoring stations.
• Awareness and mitigation provide science-based
  information for policy makers to mitigate
  atmospheric pollution.

Monitoring
Assessment of impact on crop, health and water
budget
Awareness Mitigation
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Observatories

• Aerosol properties
• Precipitation chemistry
• Gaseous species
• Solar radiation
• Meteorological parameters

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Regional Hotspots of Atmospheric Brown Clouds
July-August 2000-2002
July-August 2000-2002

• East Asia (eastern China, Thailand, Vietnam and
  Cambodia)
• Indo Gangetic Plains, S Asia ( eastern Pakistan,
  India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Myanmar)
• Indonesia
• Southern Africa (southwards from sub-Saharan
  Africa into Congo, Angola, Zambiac, et )
• The Amazon basin in S America
  

Sources Ramanathan et al 2007
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Impact Assessment

• Established an ABC Impact Assessment Programme
• Agriculture Indian Agricultural Research
  Institute, India
• Health Chulabhorn Research Institute, Thailand
• Water Nanyang Technological University,
  Singapore

1st Assessment Reports by Feb 2008
2nd Assessment Reports by 2011
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Environment and Health

• Regional Charter
• Bangkok Declaration
• Priorities

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Global Atmospheric Forum
Objectives

• Strengthening inter-governmental networks at the
  regional scale
• Greater harmonization of technical system,
  information and assessment process within and
  between the regions and capacity building based
  on them and
• Promoting consensus among stakeholders to
  underpin emergence of regional, hemispheric and
  global action.

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Global Atmospheric Pollution Forum
Activities in Asia
Governmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality
Management in Asia
Yogyakarta Summary Long term vision on Urban Air
Quality Management
Convene meetings of initiatives on regional air
pollution
Closer co-operation and joint action among
sub-regional networks in Asia
Technology transfer and methodology harmonization
on monitoring, impact assessment, Inventory
compilation
Standardized guidelines and joint programmes