PS 101

1
PS 101

• Kim Cohn
• Email address
• Kcohn_at_academic.csubak.edu

2
2nd Grade Standards

• The motion of objects can be observed and
  measured. As a basis for understanding this
  concept
• Students know the position of an object can be
  described by locating it in relation to another
  object or to the background.
• Students know an object's motion can be described
  by recording the change in position of the object
  over time.

3
2nd Grade Standards

• Students know the way to change how something is
  moving is by giving it a push or a pull. The size
  of the change is related to the strength, or the
  amount of force, of the push or pull.
• Students know tools and machines are used to
  apply pushes and pulls (forces) to make things
  move.
• Students know objects fall to the ground unless
  something holds them up.

4
2nd Grade Standards

• Students know magnets can be used to make some
  objects move without being touched.
• Students know sound is made by vibrating objects
  and can be described by its pitch and volume.

5
Big Ideas in Chemistry

• What are the big ideas in chemistry?
• Everything is made up of stuff which we call
  matter or chemicals.
• All matter is made up of just 112 different types
  called elements.
• All matter is made up of small particles called
  atoms.

6
Question

• 1) Which radiation has no electric charge
  associated with it?
• A) gamma rays
• B) beta rays
• C) alpha rays
• D) all of these
• E) none of these

7
Question

• 2) A quark is
• A) an elementary particle.
• B) a building block of leptons.
• C) a building block of nucleons.
• D) all of these.
• E) none of these.

8
Question

• 3) Different isotopes of an element have
  different numbers of
• A) photons.
• B) neutrinos.
• C) protons.
• D) neutrons.
• E) none of these.

9
Question

• 4) The half-life of a radioactive substance is
  independent of
• A) whether the substance exists in an elementary
  state or in a compound.
• B) the temperature of the substance.
• C) the age of the substance.
• D) the number (if large enough) of atoms in the
  substance.
• E) all of these.

10
Question

• 5) The half-life of an isotope is one day. At
  the end of two days the amount that remains is
• A) one-eighth.
• B) one-half.
• C) one-quarter.
• D) none.
• E) none of these.

11
Question

• 6) Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere
  principally by
• A) cosmic ray bombardment.
• B) photosynthesis.
• C) nitrogen bombardment.
• D) plants and animals.
• E) none of these.

12
Question

• 7) Radioactivity in the world is something
• A) relatively new.
• B) as old as the world itself.

13
Question

• 8) The helium in a child's balloon is composed
  of
• A) former beta particles.
• B) alpha-particle remnants of previous
  radioactive processes.
• C) both of these.
• D) none of these.

14
Question

• 9) When the hydrogen isotope tritium-3 emits a
  beta particle, it becomes an isotope of
• A) lithium.
• B) hydrogen.
• C) helium.
• D) carbon.
• E) none of these.

15
Question

• 10) It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit
  an alpha particle.
• A) True
• B) False

16
Question

• 11) In nuclear fission and nuclear fusion
  reactions, the amount of mass converted to energy
  is about
• A) 20.
• B) less than 1.
• C) more than 30.
• D) 10.
• E) 30.

17
Question

• 12) The function of graphite in the first
  atomic reactor was to
• A) absorb fast neutrons.
• B) moderate uranium isotopes.
• C) emit fast neutrons.
• D) slow fast neutrons.
• E) none of these.

18
Question

• 13) The nucleus with the greatest mass is
• A) hydrogen.
• B) uranium.
• C) lead.
• D) iron.
• E) plutonium.

19
Question

• 14) Between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion,
  radioactive by-products are more characteristic
  of nuclear
• A) fission.
• B) fusion.
• C) both of these.
• D) neither of these.

20
Question

• 15) Detonation of a fission-type atomic bomb is
  started by
• A) splitting a small piece of uranium.
• B) igniting a small thermonuclear bomb.
• C) turning on a laser cross fire.
• D) pressing together several small pieces of
  uranium.
• E) none of these.

21
Question

• 16) The most abundant element in the universe
  is
• A) lead.
• B) helium.
• C) americanium.
• D) hydrogen.
• E) uranium.

22
Question

• 17) Chemistry is the study of the
• A) microscopic.
• B) macroscopic.
• C) submicroscopic.
• D) All three of these with an emphasis on the
  submicroscopic.

23
Question

• 18) A solid is not considered fluid because
• A) of the fixed arrangement of its atoms or
  molecules.
• B) its atoms or molecules are under too much
  pressure.
• C) its atoms or molecules are bound as close
  together as possible.
• D) of the heavy nature of its atoms or molecules.

24
Question

• 19) The molecules of a gas at room temperature
  move at about
• A) 10 km/h.
• B) 1 km/h.
• C) 1500 km/h.
• D) 150 km/h.

25
Question

• 20) During a chemical reaction
• A) old atoms disappear to be replaced by new
  ones.
• B) old atoms transform into new ones.
• C) old atoms stick around merely switching
  partners.
• D) none of the above.

26
Question

• 21) Growth in a living body is best considered
  an example of a
• A) chemical change because of the
  irreversibility.
• B) physical change because it eventually comes
  to a halt with the same person in tact.
• C) physical change because of changing physical
  attributes.
• D) chemical change because chemical reactions
  are involved.
• E) Two of the above are correct.

27
Question

• 22) One element is distinguished from another
  by the number of
• A) neutrons.
• B) protons.
• C) electrons.
• D) all of the above.
• E) Two of the above are correct.

28
Question

• 23) What is the difference between an element
  and a chemical compound?
• A) An element consists of only one type of atom.
• B) Only elements are normally found in nature.
• C) Only chemical compounds are normally found in
  nature.
• D) A chemical compound is always more massive
  than an element.

29
Question

• 24) When two different elements combine to form
  a compound, the resulting properties of the
  compound are
• A) most like the element given in the greatest
  amount.
• B) about the average of the properties of the
  two elements.
• C) predictable based upon the nature of the
  combining elements.
• D) not necessarily anything like those of the
  elements.

30
Question

• 25) The proper name for the chemical compound
  N2O is
• A) nitrogen oxide.
• B) nitrogen nitrate.
• C) dinitrogen oxide.
• D) nitrogen dioxide.

31
Question

• 26) Clean dry air is an example of a
• A) suspension.
• B) heterogeneous mixture.
• C) homogeneous mixture.
• D) solution.
• E) two of the above are correct.

32
Question

• 27) An infant gains 10 pounds. Why would you
  consider this to be an example of a chemical
  change?

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Answers to Questions
1 A 9 A 17 D 25 C 2 D 10 A 18 A 26 E 3 D 11 B 19
C 4 E 12 A 20 C 5 C 13 E 21 E 6 A 14 A 2
2 B 7 B 15 D 23 A 8 C 16 D 24 D