Wind farms participating in TSOs Power System Management

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Wind farms participating in TSOs Power System
Management

• European Wind Energy Conference
• Athens, 2006
• Ecofys GmbH, Dr. Karsten Burges

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ECOFYS
Ca. 250 employees, More than 20
years Independent International Cross-industry
(network operators, wind industry, authorities,
etc.)
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Overview

• Background and major developments
• Achievements
• Challenges
• Conclusions and further steps

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Overview

• Background and major developments
• Achievements
• Challenges
• Conclusions and further steps

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Status wind power (onshore 2005)
Density 0 140 kW/km2
source DEWI / BWE, 2005
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Growth wind power (onshore 2015)
Density 0 155 kW/km2
source Deutsche WindGuard, 2005
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Challenges from TSO perspective

• Techno economic study (dena) identified
  challenges
• Load flows
• N-1 security
• Stability,

Dena (2005)
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Regulation and codes (1)

• Technical VDN Transmission Code (2003, 2005)
• Provisions for renewable based generators
• Similar to power plants

VDN, 2004
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Regulation and codes (2)

• Energy Law (2005)
• Formally introduced the right / duty to
  re-establish system security

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Regulation and codes (3)

• Legal Renewable Energy Act (2004), 4 Abs. 3
• Unconditional obligation to connect (and to
  develop network capacity without delay)
• conditional obligation to purchase electricity
  network capacity temporarily completely used up
  by electricity from renewable sources ?
  curtailment of active power (no compensation)

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DSO generation management
Curtailment in 110 kV networks
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Overview

• Background and major developments
• Achievements
• Challenges
• Conclusions and further steps

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Achievements

• Example wind farm North-East Germany (Enertrag)
• Directly to 220 kV (Vattenfall Europe
  Transmission)
• Ca. 130 MW, dedicated area network (6 sites)
• 5 different WTG types

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Active power curtailment

• Only demonstration of capability, no need for
  regular application
• Direct link with TSO control centre (conform IEC
  61850)
• Control by wind farm operator (dispatch centre
  24/7)

3 Sec. instantaneous values, PCC
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Reactive power control

• Conform VDN transmission code
• Control mainly by WTGs
• In permanent operation

Demonstration reactive power control at PCC
Enertrag (2005)
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Achievements

• Requirements and capabilities demonstrated in
  many countries
• Standard features

Demonstration reactive power control according to
Spanish regulation Ecotecnia (2005)
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Overview

• Background and major developments
• Achievements
• Challenges
• Conclusions and further steps

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Challenges (1)

• gt95 of wind capacity installed at distribution
  level
• invisible for TSO (only real time estimators)
• No direct access, no direct contractual relation
• Regulation and procedures need for
  clarification
• Preventive or corrective action?
• Which conditions?
• Implementation priorities, directly or via DSO
  (i.e. delegating responsibilities)? Etc.

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Challenges (2)

• Technically need for development
• Hundreds of wind farms in TSOs control area ?
  interfaces, data flow
• Clustering via DSO? (existing channel, however
  coverage limited)?
• Repowering, network extension
• would improve robustness of system, however major
  barriers (permits, regulation, uncertainty of
  planning, )

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Overview

• Background and major developments
• Achievements
• Challenges
• Conclusions and further steps

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Conclusions and further steps

• Control capabilities practically demonstrated
• Urgent clarification of legal / regulative
  framework
• Concepts for implementation (procedures,
  technically)
• Long term development strategy

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• Thank you!
• K.Burges_at_Ecofys.de