BVitamins

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B-Vitamins

• Do not provide the body with fuel for energy
• Help the body to use fuel
• Many form part of the coenzymes
• coenzyme small organic molecule that associates
  closely with certain enzymes
• thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, panthothenic acid,
  biotin
• Some play roles in metabolism
• B6 assists enzymes that metabolize a.a.
• folate, B12 help RBC GI cells multiply

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Thiamin (also known as B1)

• Functions
• Coenzyme in energy metabolism
• Helps synthesize neurotransmitters
• Part of the coenzyme TPP (thiamin pyrophosphate)
• Food sources
• Whole and enriched grains
• Pork, legumes, seeds, nuts, liver
• Deficiency
• Beriberi

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The coenzyme- enzyme partnership
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• Thiamin Recommendations
• RDA men 1.2 mg/day women 1.1 mg/day
• Deficiency
• malnutrition alcoholism
• BERIBERI damage to nervous system, heart,
  muscles weakness I cant, I cant
• Food Sources
• highly refined foods are low in thiamin
• 3 oz. Pork chop (.93 mg), 3 oz ham (.6 mg), soy
  milk, acorn squash, corn flakes, green peas

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Riboflavin (also known as Vitamin B2)

• Functions
• Coenzyme in energy metabolism
• FMN flavin mononucleotide
• FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
• Supports antioxidants
• Food sources
• Milk and dairy products
• Whole and enriched grains
• Deficiency
• ariboflavinosis

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• Riboflavin Recommendations
• RDA men 1.3 mg/day women 1.1 mg/day
• Requirements increase with higher energy needs
• Deficiency
• Glossitis stomatitis cheilosis seborrheic
  dermatitis anemia
• usually along with other nutrient deficiencies
• Food Sources
• 1 c. milk (.4 mg) 1 c. yogurt (.5 mg) 3 oz
  liver (gt1.7 mg) enriched or whole grains

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Niacin

• Nicotinic acid nicotinamide vitamin B3
• Functions
• Coenzyme in energy metabolism
• NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
• NADP phosphate
• Supports fatty acid synthesis
• Recommendations RDA 16 mg NE/day men and 14 mg
  NE/day women 1 NE1 mg n or 60 mg t
• Food sources
• Whole and enriched grains
• Meat, poultry, fish, nuts, and peanuts

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• Niacin Deficiency
• Pellagra symptoms of diarrhea, dermatitis,
  dementia, death
• Toxicity
• Nicotinic acid in doses 3-4 x RDA can cause
  Niacin flush dilates capillaries and causes a
  tingling sensation can be used to lower
  cholesterol
• Food Sources
• 3 oz chicken breast (16.5 mg) 3 oz tuna (15 mg)
  liver, ham, sirloin steak, ground beef, spinach,
  mushrooms

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Pellagra
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• Functions
• Coenzyme in protein and amino acidmetabolism
  PLP pyridoxal phosphate
• Supports immune system
• Food sources
• Meat, fish, poultry, liver
• Potatoes, bananas, watermelon, sunflower seeds
• Deficiency
• Microcytic hypochromic anemia
• Toxicity
• Can cause permanent nerve damage in high doses

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• Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine
• Make non-essential a.a.
• Conversion of tryptophan to niacin to serotonin
• Synthesis on heme, nucleic acids, lecithin
• Stored in muscle tissue
• Acetaldehyde dislodges PLP
• Vitamin B-6 Recommendations
• RDA 1.3 mg/day adults Upper limit 100 mg/day