SEEA/Environmental accountings

1
SEEA/Environmental accountings user needs with
regards to renewable energy

• Julie L. Hass, Ph.D.
• Kristine E. Kolshus
• Division for Environmental Statistics
• Statistics Norway
• London Group Meeting
• 17-19 December 2007
• Rome, Italy

2
Goals

• Where are renewables an important category?
• example from energy statistics, sustainable
  development indicators
• What are renewables? Definition(s)?
• What type of information is needed about
  renewables with respect to environmental
  accounting/statistics?
• Identify SEEA-user needs to be able to
  communicate to others that are also working in
  this area.

3
Fuel shares of world total primary energy supply
(TPES)
Geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean.
Totals in graph might not add up due to
rounding. Source Renewables in global energy
supply An IEA Fact Sheet, page 3
4
Energy use per unit GDP1 and total energy use
(PJ) for renewable and non-renewable energy
sources. 1976-2004 (official Norwegian
sustainable development indicator)
5
Challenges - with renewables -
with Norwegian SDI

• System boundary GDP vs Kyoto related energy use
• Definition of renewables what to include?
• Waste
• Import of electricity (99 of Norwegian
  electricity production from hydro sources) need
  to know production source of imported electricity
• Are all own-use/auxillary energy included? Biogas
  from sewage treatment facilities (newer energy
  sources) coverage?

• For energy in general
• Systems boundaries coverage, break down by
  institutional units, terminology
• For renewables
• Classification of renewables
• Coordination between renewables classification
  and product classifications (HS/CPA/SITC)
• Information regarding the sources of the energy
  used how it was produced

6
IEA Renewable energy commodity categories

• Combustible Renewables and Waste
• Solid Biomass
• Wood, Wood Waste, Other Solid Waste
• Charcoal
• Biogas
• Liquid Biofuels
• Municipal Waste (renewables)
• Hydropower
• Geothermal Energy
• Solar Energy
• Wind Energy
• Tide/Wave/Ocean Energy
• Some of the waste (the non-biodegradable part of
  the waste) is not considered renewables as such.
  However, proper breakdown between renewables and
  non-renewables is not always available.
• 
  
  Source
  IEA (2007a) Renewables Fact Sheet page 23

7
IEA/OECD-Eurostat-UNECE energy manual, page 116
Is this electricity-only vs. Stock and/or
non-stock? Then where to place hydro since that
has water reserve basins that are stocks (in the
sense of the word used here like solid biomass)?
8
Renewables and Waste
Electricity-only renewable sources (Group I)
Multiple use renewable sources (electricity,
heat, etc.)
Renewable sources without stock changes (Group II)
Renewable sources with stock changes (Group III)
9
Liquid biofuels

• Increasing interest - specific biofuel goals -
  March 2007 European Council raise the share of
  biofuels in transport to 10 per cent by 2020
• How to measure this?
• As there is no specific customs classification
  for biofuels, the exact amount of imported
  ethanol, oilseeds and vegetable oil ultimately
  used in the transport sector cannot be
  quantified.
• assessment will have to specify whether the
  focus should be on CN codes (internal EU) or on
  international HS codes. Creating a new HS code
  requires international negotiation, while a new
  CN code may be appropriate for EU statistical
  purposes.

10
Biofuels hidden in HS codes

• Beverages, spirits vinegar (chapter 22)
• Bioethanol denatured HS Code 22072000
• Bioethanol undenatured HS Code 22071000
• Miscellaneous chemical products (chapter 38)
• Biodiesel HS Code 38249099

11
Clean/green/emissions free electricity
production, use, imports and exports

• European Electricity Directive 2003/54/EC of 26
  June 2003 concerning common rules for the
  internal market in electricity
• Member States shall ensure that electricity
  suppliers specify in or with the bills and in
  promotional materials made available to final
  customers
• the contribution of each energy source to the
  overall fuel mix of the supplier over the
  preceding year
• at least the reference to existing reference
  sources, such as web-pages, where information on
  the environmental impact, in terms of at least
  emissions of CO2 and the radioactive waste
  resulting from the electricity produced by the
  overall fuel mix of the supplier over the
  preceding year is publicly available.
• With respect to electricity obtained via an
  electricity exchange or imported from an
  undertaking situated outside the Community,
  aggregate figures provided by the exchange or the
  undertaking in question over the preceding year
  maybe used.

12
Need new products that also include production
technique/source information ?

• Currently electricity
• Do we need?
• Electricity from nuclear
• Electricity from hydro
• Electricity from coal
• Electricity from waste
• Etc.
• Is this practically possible?
• Bioethanol
• From crops such as corn, sugar beet, palm oil,
  vegatable oil
• From cellulosic biomass feedstock
• Etc.

• NACE Rev. 1.1
• 40.110 Production of electricity
• NACE Rev. 2
• 35.11 Production of electricity
• 35.111 from hydro
• 35.112 from wind
• 35.113 from biofuels, waste and landfill
  gases
• 35.114 from natural gas
• 35.115 from other sources

13
Conclusion

• Terminology is confusing and needs to be
  harmonized Oslo Group actively working on this
• A number of fora are involved in discussing
  product categories for renewables, for example a
  Eurostat working group. LG should coordinate with
  these energy and trade experts to provide input
  to the revision of the standard product
  categories in the standards (HS/CPA/SITC)
• What is different with regards to renewables is
  the need to identify how the energy is produced
  and/or transformed. How to solve this? More
  detailed product and source product categories?