Concepts

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Concepts

• Human rights the political and social
  entitlements recognized by international law as
  inalienable and valid for individuals in all
  countries by virtue of their humanity.
• civil society a community that creates
  institutions to protect civil liberties and
  promote peaceful methods of conflict resolution

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Preconditions of Human Development

• political freedom
• democracy
• civil liberties and civil rights
• human needs basic physical, social, and
  political requirements needed for survival and
  security
• national economic growth
• the richer the country, the freer
• human development highest in Global North, which
  begs the question

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Are human rights administered equally?

• Global South
• widespread poverty
• life expectancy less than 60 years
• 2 billion people have no access to clean water
• 120 million children never get a chance to go to
  school
• 40 million people are HIV-positive

The worlds three richest individuals are now
worth more than the 48 poorest nations
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• Human Development Index (HDI)
• combines life expectancy, literacy, income, and
  years of education
• better measure than per capita GNP

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The Map of Human Development
SOURCE United Nations Human Development report,
2002 United Nations Development Program 2002,
pp. 3841.
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Status of Women

• lower living standards
• lower education training
• lower pay
• lower-level jobs
• 15 of parliamentary seats worldwide
• less access to health care girls die more often
• most egregious in Global South
• exacerbated by religion and culture

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Indigenous Peoples

• aka Fourth World native ethnic cultural groups
  (indigenous peoples) ruled by a government
  controlled by others
• often persecuted lands taken, livelihoods and
  cultures threatened
• Lower levels of political civil rights
• 130 million slaughtered between 1900 and 1987 by
  state-sponsored genocide

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The Global Refugee Crisis

• refugees people who flee for safety to another
  country because of a well-founded fear of
  persecution.
• displaced people people involuntarily uprooted
  from their homes, but still in their own
  countries
• Some leaving their home states are the best
  educated, causing a brain drain, but most are
  not.
• Ability to gain asylum in the West is limited.
  Those seeking sanctuary in Global North countries
  are finding tougher policies since 2004, and only
  about 22 receive asylum.

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Internationally Recognized Human Rights

• On page 338
• rights of person
• rights associated with the rule of law
• political rights
• economic and social rights
• rights of communities

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