DMS 546446 INTERFACE DESIGN

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DMS 546/446INTERFACE DESIGN

• MEMORY
• PERCEPTION
• COGNITION
• Lecture based on Ch. 2 of User-Centered Website
  Development (McCracken and Wolfe)?

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• TOPICS
• human sense, perception, memory
• mental models, metaphor, perceived affordance
• design guidelines based on the above

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• Constructivist theory of perception
• 1. We don't remember
• all the information in a scene
• just what is important to us.
• Q How many doors are there
• on the front of this building?

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• Constructivist theory of perception
• 2. Context plays a major role
• in what people see in an image

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• Top
• Ace

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• Constructivist theory of perception
• 3. figure/ground

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• Constructivist -gt
• Gestalt psychology

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• Proximity
• Similarity
• Symmetry
• Continuity
• Closure

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• Proximity people tend to perceive any closely
  clustered objects as a group
• Similarity grouping by like kind or like type
• Symmetry the whole figure is perceived rather
  than the parts
• Continuity groupings created by flow of lines or
  alignment
• Closure mentally completing a shape

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• MEMORY
• hierarchy sensory store, short-term, long term
• chunking
• advantage of relying on recognition vs recall
• memory aids

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• Q What was on the last slide?

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• Hierarchical Model of Memory
• a model to explain memory
• sensory memory
• sensory input comes in but most is ignored or
  filtered out
• short term memory
• limited data held for 30 seconds to two minutes
• The Magic Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two -
  Miller, 1956
• long-term memory
• great deal of effort to transfer from short
  term to long term

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• Chunking
• Miller discusses the data we can hold in short
  term memory in terms of chunks
• Chunks can be individual digits...
• 645-4920

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• Chunking
• Chunks can be words or syllables...
• thanksforthememories.com
• thanks
• for
• the
• memories
• (dot)
• com

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• Search
• Autos
• Finance
• Weather
• Nightlife
• Games
• Music
• Movies
• Sports
• Inbox
• Friend Requests
• Upload Video
• Edit Profile

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• Search
• Autos
• Finance
• Weather
• Nightlife
• Games
• Music
• Movies
• Sports
• Inbox
• Friend Requests
• Upload Video
• Edit Profile

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• Recognition vs Recall
• It is usually easier to read a foreign language
  than to speak it.
• ...you can recognize words that you may not be
  able to recall when you want to use them in
  conversation.

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• Recognition vs Recall
• Multiple choice is easier than essay
• ...you can recognize the right answer even if you
  can't recall it

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• gt
• gt
• gtcd lecture_4
• gtls -l

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• Memory aids managing interruptions
• knowledge in the world (external)?
• give people cues or memory aids for resuming
  interrupted tasks...
• blinking cursor
• color of links showing visited and unvisited pages

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• Memory aids managing interruptions
• response time user reaction
• less than 0.1 second perceived as instantaneous
• less than 1.0 second noticed delay but no break
  in thought stream
• more than 10 seconds user switches to new task
• (Miller 1986)?

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• Mental Models
• What will happen if I adjust the thermostat?

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• Metaphors
• Leveraging existing mental models
• - using Word is like typing?
• - using the mp3 player is like using the CD
  player?
• - using video conferencing is like using the
  phone?

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• Perceived Affordances
• affordances the functions or services an
  interface provides
• perceived affordances affordances that are
  visible or comprehensible to the user

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• Perceived Affordances
• ...how do we know which light switches control
  which lights?

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• SOME DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
• Reduce memory burden
• rely on recognition over recall
• chunk information
• require as little short-term memory as possible
• Consider the user's mental models
• Use visual cues or memory aids to manage
  interruptions
• Provide feedback