Ecosphere

1
Solar Radiation (Teff 6000K mainly UV, optical
and IR)
Earths Radiation(Teff 300K mainly IR)
Needs Wants
Services
Source of Materials Energy Water Land
Sink for Wastes Emissions
Products
Production
Anthroposphere
Ecosphere
Industrial production and consumption systems use
the environment as source of resources and sink
for wastes and emissions
2
Source Impacts of Energy Production and
Consumption

• Environmental Impacts
• Land occupation and alteration
• Possible reduction of biodiversity
• Ecosystem disruption

Open pit coal mining
Large dam for hydropower
3
Sink Impacts of Energy Production and Consumption
Climate change
370 ppm
280 ppm
4
Sink Impacts of Energy Production and Consumption
Primary pollutants

• Carbon Monoxide, CO, is the product of incomplete
  combustion
• Sulfur Oxides, SOx, arise from the combustion of
  sulfur containing fuels
• Nitrogen Oxides, NOx, arise when
• Nitrogen contained in the fuel is oxidized
• Nitrogen contained in the ambient air is oxidized
  
• Particulate matter, PM, from fossil fuels are
  soot and fly ash

Environmental impacts

• Acidification (SOx, NOx
• Human toxicity (CO, SOx, NOx, PM)
• Ecotoxicity (CO, SOx, NOx, PM)
• Photochemical smog (VOC NOx Sunlight Ozone)

5
Environmental Impacts of Energy Production and
Consumption
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
6
Environmental Impacts of Energy Production and
Consumption
Sulfur Oxides (SOx)
7
Environmental Impacts of Energy Production and
Consumption
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) (1970-2002) in thousand
short tons
8
Environmental Impacts of Energy Production and
Consumption
PM2.5
Particulate Matter (PM)
PM10