Technical University of Denmark

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Technical University of Denmark
European Directive for Energy Performance of
Buildings and Related CEN-Standardisation
Professor Bjarne W. Olesen, PhD, Fellow Director
International Centre for Indoor Environment And
Energy
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DIRECTIVE (Art.1 )

• The objective of this Directive is to promote the
  improvement of the energy performance of
  buildings within the Community, taking into
  account outdoor climatic and local conditions, as
  well as indoor climate requirements and
  cost-effectiveness.

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DIRECTIVE (Art.2 ) Energy performance of a
building

• The amount of energy actually consumed or
  estimated to meet the different needs associated
  with a standardised use of the building.
• This may include, inter alia,
• heating
• hot water heating
• cooling
• ventilation
• lighting.
• This amount shall be reflected in one or more
  numeric indicators which have been calculated,
  taking into account
• insulation
• technical and installation characteristics,
• design and positioning in relation to climatic
  aspects
• solar exposure
• influence of neighbouring structures
• own-energy generation
• other factors, including indoor climate, that
  influence the energy demand

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DIRECTIVE (Art.2 ) Energy performance
certificate of a building

• A certificate which includes the energy
  performance of a building calculated according to
  a methodology based on the general framework set
  out in the Annex
• DIRECTIVE (Art.3 )
• The energy performance of a building shall be
  expressed in a transparent manner and may include
  a CO2 emission indicator.

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DIRECTIVE (Art.4 ) Setting of energy performance
requirements

• These requirements shall take account of general
  indoor climate conditions, in order to avoid
  possible negative effects such as inadequate
  ventilation,
• When setting requirements, Member States may
  differentiate between new and existing buildings
  and different categories of buildings.

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DIRECTIVE (Art.5 ) New buildings
For new buildings with a total useful floor area
over 1 000 m2, Member States shall ensure that
the technical, environmental and economic
feasibility of alternative systems such as
decentralised energy supply systems based on
renewable energy, CHP, district or block
heating or cooling, if available, heat pumps,
under certain conditions, is considered and is
taken into account before construction starts
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DIRECTIVE (Art.7 ) Energy performance
certificate

• Member States shall ensure that, when buildings
  are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy
  performance certificate is made available to the
  owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or
  tenant, as the case might be.
• The validity of the certificate shall not exceed
  10 years.

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DIRECTIVE (Art.7 ) Energy performance
certificate

• Member States shall take measures to ensure that
  for
• buildings with a total useful floor area over 1
  000 m2 occupied
• by public authorities and by institutions
  providing public
• services to a large number of persons and
  therefore frequently
• visited by these persons an energy certificate,
  not older than 10
• years, is placed in a prominent place clearly
  visible to the
• public.
• The range of recommended and current indoor
  temperatures
• and, when appropriate, other relevant climatic
  factors may also
• be clearly displayed.

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DIRECTIVE (Art.11)

• The dissemination to the public of this
  information on energy performance should be
  enhanced by clearly displaying these energy
  certificates.
• Moreover, the displaying of officially
  recommended indoor temperatures, together with
  the actual measured temperature, should
  discourage the misuse of heating,
  air-conditioning and ventilation systems.
• This should contribute to avoiding unnecessary
  use of energy
• and to safeguarding comfortable indoor climatic
  conditions
• (thermal comfort) in relation to the outside
  temperature.

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NEW MANDATE FROM EU

• The standards under the mandate shall thus
  constitute an integrated and interacting
  methodology for the calculation of the energy
  uses and losses for heating and cooling,
  ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting,
  natural lighting, passive solar systems, passive
  cooling, position and orientation, automation and
  controls1, and auxiliary installations
  necessary for maintaining a comfortable indoor
  environment2.
• 1 The effect on energy performance of
  automation and controls will be included in each
  systems performance instead of being treated as
  a separate system.
• 2 Consideration should also be given to the
  possibility of several different levels of indoor
  climate.

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NEW MANDATE TO CEN FROM EU

• Directive was implemented by January 2006 but
  still not in all countries and not 100
• Mandate covers more than 31 work items
• prENs (CEN draft standards) have been or are out
  for 6 months enquiry.
• Final standards must be available spring 2007

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• The indicative content of the energy performance
  certificate is set out in prEN 15217.
• prEN 15203 provides ratings to define energy
  performance. The categories for the purposes of
  certification are
• ? asset rating, based on calculated energy use
  under standardised occupancy conditions
• ? operational rating, based on metered energy.

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Calculation Concept
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Calculation Methodology

• The calculation methodology is used to determine
  the data for energy certificates. prEN ISO 13790
  allows for different levels of complexity,
• Simplified hourly calculation
• Simplified monthly calculation
• Detailed calculations
• The calculations are based on specified boundary
  conditions of indoor climate (prEN 15251) and
  external climate.
• The simplified calculation methods are fully
  specified in the prEN ISO 13790.
• The detailed calculation method is not, but any
  implementation must be validated according to the
  criteria in prEN 15265.

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CEN concept for Heating Systems

• Heat emission(radiator, floor heating, warm air
  etc. including control)
• Heat distibution(circulation pumps, pipe work)
• Heat generation(boiler, heat pump, solar etc)

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CALCULATION OF THE YEARLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
FOR HEATING EMISSION SYSTEM
Qh calculated according to ISO-EN 13790 (EN832)
Calculation of energy use for heating
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FLOOR HEATING
RADIATORS
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CALCULATION OF THE YEARLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
FOR HEATING EMISSION SYSTEM

• 1.       Non-uniform space temperature
  distribution
• 2.       Emitters embedded in the building
  structure
• 3. Control

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CALCULATION OF THE YEARLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
FOR HEATING EMISSION SYSTEM
    1.1.1     Method using control efficiency,
?ce If the control efficiency is given, the heat
loss due to the control system, Qc can be
calculated as J (16) where ?c
control efficiency Annex B is listing examples
of values for ?c .
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INSPECTION

• Boiler and Heating System
• Ventilation System
• Air- (Room) Conditioning System

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INSPECTION

• Development of a standard inspection procedure
• Boilers and heating systems
• Ventilation systems
• Cooling systems (Air or Room Conditioning)
• Education of inspectors

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IMPACT ON FUTURE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

• Directive do not set limits for energy
  consumption.
• National requirements
• But in 5 years with common methods the commission
  may require general reductions
• More emphasis on renewable energy sources

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OPORTUNITIES FOR THE HVAC INDUSTRY

• Earlier involvement in the building process
• More jobs (energy certificates, inspections,
  service)

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Objectives and measures
Objectives
Promoting the improvement of energy performance
of buildings within the EU through cost-effective
measures. Convergence of building standards
towards those of Member States which already have
ambitious levels.
Proposed measures
Methodology for integrated buildings energy
performance standards.
Application of these standards on new and
existing buildings.
Certification schemes for all buildings.
Inspection assessment of boilers/heating and
cooling installations.