How will it all play out

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Wartime Repression and International Peace

• How will it all play out?

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Wartime Repression

• CPI had darker side
• Neighbor against neighbor
• 100 AmericanAll immigrants
• German and Austrian immigrants were arrested for
  suspicion of subversive acts

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Anti-German

• American patriots wanted to rid U.S. of German
  heritage
• Sauerkraut liberty cabbage
• HamburgersLiberty sandwiches
• Beethovens symphonies were banned
• Schools and libraries got rid of German books

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Anti-Immigration

• Restriction Act of 1917? all male immigrants who
  failed a reading test would not be allowed to
  enter.
• 18th Amendment-Prohibition passed
• Espionage, Sabotage, and Sedition Acts?
• gave administration powers to silence and
  imprison dissenters

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The Acts

• Any one who wrote or spoke out against the U.S.
  was a target.
• Socialists-major target
• Wilson tried to stop some-but Congress won

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Failure of the International Peace
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Wilsons Fourteen Points

• Adjusting boundaries
• New nations
• International conduct
• Open diplomacy
• disarmament
• Free Trade
• League of Nations

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US Objectives

• Fourteen Points as basis for negotiations
• Peace without Victory
• Opposition to entanglements

Woodrow Wilson
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Allied Objectives

• Territorial ambitions
• Colonial expansion
• Make Germany pay

David Lloyd George (England)
Georges Clemenceau (France)
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Paris Peace Conference

• Problems
• Disagreements among Big Four
• Russia not present
• Central powers not involved until final stages
• Wilson forced to abandon most of Fourteen Points

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Treaty of Versailles

• Map of Europe (and elsewhere) redrawn
• New nations created
• League of Nations
• Article X
• Reparations for Germany

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Ratification Fight, 1919-20

• Political opposition
• Irreconcilables
• Reservationists (Henry Cabot Lodge)
• Political blunders
• Partisanship
• Refusal to compromise
• Wilsons National Tour
• Treaty of Versailles Rejected

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Consequences

• US not a member of League of Nations
• US (esp. Wilson) loses face
• America looks inward