Topic Maps Exchange in the Absence of Shared Vocabularies

1
Topic Maps Exchange in the Absence of Shared
Vocabularies

• TMRA'05
• International Workshop on Topic Maps Research and
  Applications06.10.2005
• Lutz Maicher
• University of Leipzig
• maicher_at_informatik.uni-leipzig.de

2
Topic Maps Exchange Retrieval Task

• The requested peers have to decide whether a
  Subject Proxy indicating anidentical Subject is
  available.

3
Enterprise Information Integration
Quelle Taylor, John Thoughts from the
Integration Consortium Enterprise Information
Integration A New Definition, DM Review Online,
(9,2004).
4
Existing Approaches to Topic Maps Exchange

• TMRAP Topic Maps Remote Access Protocol
• TMIP the REStful Topic Maps Interaction
  Protocol (formerly Federated Topic Maps)
• SHARK(alternatively Knowledge Port Approach)
• TMShare
• all of them base on the TMDM
• if distributed peers do not use a common
  vocabulary (PSIs), the exchange fails completely

5
Semantics in Topic Maps

• Topic Maps are a semantic technology ...
• ...only in the perspective of information
  integration
• Subject Proxies indicating identical Subjects
  have to be viewed as merged ones
• A Subject Map Disclosure (SMD) discloses
• SMD ontology
• implies the Subject Indication Approach
• Subject Equality Decision Approach
• define the semantics of the given Subject Proxies
  in respect to the functionality of holding the
  Co-Location objective true
• Subject Viewing Approach

6
How Subject Equality is detected?

• Subject Equality SMDi (

Subject Indication SMD1 (Subject
IdentitySubject Stage1),
Subject Indication SMD2 (Subject
IdentitySubject Stage2))
? Subject Identity integration perspective(
Subject Stage1, Subject Stage2)
7
How Subject Equality is really detected?

• Subject Equality SMDi (

Subject Indication SMD1,
Subject Indication SMD2,
Subject Map Subject Proxy1, Subject
Map Subject Proxy2) ? true false
Subject IndicationSMD1
?
Subject IndicationSMD2
?
8
Possible Subject Equality Approaches of a SMD
Meaning (semantics) in linguistics referential
semantics The meaning of word is defined
by the object it refers to. structuralist
semantics The meaning of a word is defined by
its usage in the language.
Referential Subject Equality Approach A
reference to a discrete object indicates the
intended Subject. - Subject Proxy 1
indicates its Subject by pointing to it with S1
- Subject Proxy 2 indicates its Subject by
pointing to it with S2 - Subject Equality
holds if S1S2
Structuralist Subject Equality Approach The
Subject depends on other Subject Proxies of the
Subject Map. - Subject Proxy 1 indicates its
Subject through a set of Subject Proxies s1 -
Subject Proxy 2 indicates its Subject through a
set of Subject Proxies s2 - Subject Equality
holds if s1 s2 (or S1 similar S2)
The different Approaches to Subject Equality
define the semantics of the used vocabulary at
the time of the Subject Equality Decision.
9
Absence of Shared Vocabularies
Topic Map Processing Application
Subject Map Disclosure (SMD)
Structuralist Subject Equality Decision
Referential Subject Equality Decision
Referential Subject Equality Decision
Subject Map Disclosure ontology
Subject Map ontology
Subject Map Vocabulary
10
Towards a SMDSIM
Topic Map Processing Application
Subject Map Disclosure (SMD)
Structuralist Subject Equality Decision
Referential Subject Equality Decision
Structuralist Subject Equality Decision
Subject Map Disclosure ontology
Subject Map ontology
Subject Map vocabulary
11
Subject Similarity Measure (SIM)

• SIM Similarity of the Subject of two different
  Topics
• Procedure a Subject available in Topic Map TM2
  will be requested from Topic Map TM1
• Extract a Topic Map Fragment (F) from TM2 around
  the Topic representing the Subject
• for each pair (T1, T2) from TM1, F
• depict the simDNAtype for each pair
• calculate the simDNA for each pair
• calculate the simDNA twice, by using the detected
  similarity from the first step
• simDNA(T1,T2) sum of digits (simDNA(T1,T2))
• Subject Equality (T1,T2) -gt (max
  simDNA(T1,T2)) and (simDNA(T1,T2))gtthreshold

12
simDNAtype
simDNAType
TMDM
(0..) Source Locator Locator Item (0..1)
Subject Locator Locator Item (0..1) Subject
Identifier Locator Item (0..) Topic Names
Topic Name Item (0..) Source Locator Locator
Item (0..1) Type Topic Item (0..) Scope
Topic Item (1) Value String (0..) Variants
Variant Items (0..) Source Locators
Locator Item (0..) Scope Topic
Item (0..1) Value String (0..1) Resource
Locator Item (0..) Occurrences Occurrence
Item (0..) Source Locators Locator
Item (0..1) Type Topic Item (0..) Scope
Topic Item (0..1) Value String (0..1)
Resource Locator Item (0..) rolesPlayed
Association Role Item (0..1) Type Topic
Item (1) Parent Association Item
/xyzws123tn(o)a/ x the current
Topic is typing a Topic y the current Topic is
typing an Association z the current Topic is
typing a Topic Characteristics w the current
Topic is typing a Association Role s the
current Topic is scoping a Topic Characteristic 1
the current Topic has a Source Locator 2 the
current Topic has a Subject Locator 3 the
current Topic has a Subject Identifier t the
current Topic is typed n the current Topic has
a TopicName o the current Topic has an
Occurrence o gt /(vl)t?s/ (OccDNAtype) a the
current Topic takes part in an Association a gt
/a(tp)/ (AssDNAtype)
13
simDNA 1. Iteration
simDNAType
Example
simDNAtype(T1) x13tn x the current Topic is
typing a Topic 1 the current Topic has a Source
Locator 2 the current Topic has a Subject
Locator 3 the current Topic has a Subject
Identifier t the current Topic is typed n the
current Topic has a Topic Name simDNA(T1,T2)
01XX1 T2 types an Association T2 has a Source
Locator T2 has none Subject Identifier T2 is not
typed T2 has a Topic Name, which is not
similar simDNA(T1,T3) 21113 T2 types a
Topic T2 has a Source Locator T2 has a Subject
Identifier T2 is typed T2 has a Topic Namen,
which is a bit similar
/xyzws123tn(o)a/ x the current
Topic is typing a Topic y the current Topic is
typing an Association z the current Topic is
typing a Topic Characteristics w the current
Topic is typing a Association Role s the
current Topic is scoping a Topic Characteristic 1
the current Topic has a Source Locator 2 the
current Topic has a Subject Locator 3 the
current Topic has a Subject Identifier t the
current Topic is typed n the current Topic has
a TopicName o the current Topic has an
Occurrence o gt /(vl)t?s/ (OccDNAtype) a the
current Topic takes part in an Association a gt
/a(tp)/ (AssDNAtype)
14
simDNA 2. Iteration
simDNAType
Example
simDNAtype(T1) x13tn x the current Topic is
typing a Topic 1 the current Topic has a Source
Locator 2 the current Topic has a Subject
Locator 3 the current Topic has a Subject
Identifier t the current Topic is typed n the
current Topic has a Topic Name simDNA(T1,T2)
01XX1 T2 types an Association T2 has a Source
Locator T2 has none Subject Identifier T2 is not
typed T2 has a Topic Name, which is not
similar simDNA(T1,T3) 21133 T2 types a
Topic T2 has a Source Locator T2 has a Subject
Identifier T2 is typed, and the typing Topic is
similar T2 has a Topic Name, which is a bit
similar
/xyzws123tn(o)a/ x the current
Topic is typing a Topic y the current Topic is
typing an Association z the current Topic is
typing a Topic Characteristics w the current
Topic is typing a Association Role s the
current Topic is scoping a Topic Characteristic 1
the current Topic has a Source Locator 2 the
current Topic has a Subject Locator 3 the
current Topic has a Subject Identifier t the
current Topic is typed n the current Topic has
a TopicName o the current Topic has an
Occurrence o gt /(vl)t?s/ (OccDNAtype) a the
current Topic takes part in an Association a gt
/a(tp)/ (AssDNAtype)
15
SIM - Example
13n Beispiel.xtmTMStandards z13n X111
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false xx1n
Beispiel.xtmt_person z13n 01X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false z1n
Beispiel.xtmt_introduction z13n 21X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false zz1n
Beispiel.xtmt_homepage z13n 21X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false s1n
Beispiel.xtmt_en z13n X1X1 t_source.xtmt_source
Similar false s1n Beispiel.xtmt_de z13n X1X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false x1n
Beispiel.xtmt_requirements z13n 01X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false ss1n
Beispiel.xtmt_nickname z13n X1X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false 13n
Beispiel.xtmt_sort z13n X111 t_source.xtmt_sourc
e Similar false z1n Beispiel.xtmt_source z13n
21X3 t_source.xtmt_source Similar true y1nnn
Beispiel.xtmat_authorship z13n 01X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false ws1n
Beispiel.xtmart_author z13n 01X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false ws1n
Beispiel.xtmart_document z13n 01X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false
13tnn(vs)(lt)(vts)atptp Beispiel.xtmM1 z13n
X111 t_source.xtmt_source Similar false
13tnn(lt) Beispiel.xtmM2 z13n X111
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false
12tn(lt)atptp Beispiel.xtmRA1 z13n X1X1
t_source.xtmt_source Similar false
16
SIM - Assessment

• Self-Assessment
• take each Topic from the Topic Map
• create a (randomly pruned) fragment around the
  Topic Maps, and
• request the Topic Map.
• pruning probabilities
• probType - of the Type of the Topics
• probTopNam - of the whole Topic Name
• probAss - of the Association the Topic plays a
  role
• probOcc - of a occurrence (and all of its
  properties)

17
SIM - (Self-)Assessment
18
Besides the TMDM Subject Equality Approach

• Subject Equality SMDi (

Subject Indication SMD1,
X
Subject Indication SMD2,
Subject Map Subject Proxy1, Subject
Map Subject Proxy2) ? true false
X
How can a SMDSIM be defined How a deterministic
Subject Indication Approach can be defined?
19
Discussion