Investing in The Wireless Location Services Market

1
Investing in The Wireless Location Services Market

• From Lehman Brothers Report, September 2000
• Authors
• Wireless Service
• John Bensche, Jennifer Cooke, and Elisabeth
  Job
• Wireless Internet Infrastructure
• Tim Luke, Jeff Kvaal, and Noelle Swatland
• Advisor Dr. Rong-Hong Jan
• Reporter Hung-Chi Chu
• Date 9/16/2001

2
Outline

• Introducing the Wireless Location-Based Service
• Comparison of Wireline and Wireless
• PDE Technologies Solutions
• Weighting Various Position Determining
  Technologies
• Conclusion

3
Introducing the Wireless Location-Based Service

• The forthcoming E911 phase II deadlines are
  spurring the development of various position
  determining equipment(PDE) technologies.
• Wireless location capabilities will be the first
  catalyst of the wireless internet revolution.

4
Comparison of Wireline and Wireless 911 Calls
Without Phase I II
5
Phase In Approach of E911 Mandate
6
Revised Timing Requirements, and Accuracy
Reliability Standards for Handset Network-Based
Technologies
7
Trade-off Matrix Between Handset-Based and
Network-Based Solutions
8
PDE Technologies Solutions

• Handset-based solution
• If the mobile device picks up the signals and
  measures the distance.
• Network-based solution
• If location equipment is installed at the
  carriers base stations, it will be the networks
  role to do the math.

9
Technological Assessment(1/2)

• Network-Based technologies
• Angle of Arrival (AOA)
• Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
• Combined AOA TDOA Approach
• Multipath Fingerprinting

10
Technological Assessment(2/2)

• Handset-based technologies
• Pure-GPS
• Assisted-GPS
• Hybrid Solutions
• Enhanced-Observed Time Difference(E-OTD)

11
Network-Based Solution 1Angle of Arrival(AOA)

• This approach requires the installation of
  complex antenna array at the network cell sites.
• Only two receiver cell sites are needed to
  determine the angle from the originating mobile
  device to each of the receiving sites.

12
How AOA Works
13
Pros and Cons of AOA

• Pros
• There is no modification to the handsets.
• Cons
• It implies a significant capital expenditure to
  the carriers in the implementation stage.
• A line of sight is required between the cell
  sites and the handset. Significant attenuation
  will result from blockages in environmental form.

14
Network-Based Solution 2Time Difference of
Arrival(TDOA)

• The TDOA technique uses radio frequency (RF)
  receivers that are installed at multiple antenna
  sites to gather signals and pinpoint the caller.
• Such a position fix usually requires at least
  three cell sites to come up with the location of
  a caller.

15
How TDOA Works
16
Cell 1
Cell 3
Cell 2
17
Pros and Cons of TDOA

• Pros
• It requires simpler antenna settings to the
  network than AOA. (lower costs and faster setup
  time)
• It commands a higher level of accuracy. (timing
  measurement vs. angle measurement)
• Cons
• In rural, cell sites are too distant to permit
  the collection of signals from three cell sites.

18
Network-Based Solution 3Combined AOATDOA
Approach

• When a mobile E911 call is made, the location
  sensors at the serving and neighboring base
  stations measure the time of arrival for the
  mobile phone.
• Hyperbolas are then computed.
• The location is the intersection point of these
  hyperbolas.

19
How the Combined Approach Works
20
How the Combined Approach Works
21
Pros and Cons of Combined AOA TDOA Approach

• Pros
• It requires no upgrades to the handset.
• The carriers minimize system redundancy by
  putting up more sensors at the network on an
  as-need basis.
• Cons
• Slight modifications of the currently system.

22
Network-Based Solution 4Multipath
Fingerprinting(or Ray Tracing)

• When a mobile phone transmits radio signals, they
  bounce off of landscapes before reaching a base
  station at a cell site.
• These multipath rays are then collected by the
  system which forms a unique location
  fingerprint.

23
Pros and Cons of Multipath Fingerprinting

• Pros
• Direct line of sight is not required of the
  multiple cell sites to pinpoint the caller.
• Only one base station is required to receive the
  signal and compare it to the database. (cost
  lower)
• Cons
• Continual database updates are needed. (dynamic
  topographical environment)

24
Handset-Based Solution 1Global Positioning
System(GPS)

• GPS calculates locations by a method of timing
  and distance measurement called triangulation
  between a user and at least three satellites in
  space as reference points.
• The distance of each of the three satellites to
  the receivers is computed
  by multiplying time by
  velocity.

25
How GPS Works
26
Pros and Cons of GPS(1/2)

• Pros
• It enjoys a higher level of positioning accuracy.
  
• (50m 75, 100m 98 ? 10m 100)
• PPS (precision positioning service)
• SPS (standard positioning service)
• GPS coverage is widespread and worldwide.
• It requires no or minimal cost to the network.

27
Pros and Cons of GPS(2/2)

• Cons
• It requires an average cost of 100 per cell
  phone.
• It has difficulty penetrating buildings in urban
  canyons or does not function well under dense
  foliage.

28
Handset-Based Solution 2 Assisted-GPS

• It applies a distributed system concept and
  divides the tasks of position determination
  between the client (handset) and the server.
• The GPS receiver located at the network gathers
  the signals form the satellites.
• The location server receives the data, stores
  them and passes along the assistance data to the
  handset.
• Some of receiving and storing functions have been
  shifted from handsets to the network.

29
How Assisted-GPS Transmits Information to the
PSAPs
30
Pros and Cons of Assisted-GPS

• Pros
• The incremental cost to the handset upgrade is
  substantially lower than conventional GPS.
• Processing speed for positioning fix
  determination is faster than conventional GPS
• It helps reduce power consumption of the handset.

31
Pros and Cons of Assisted-GPS

• Cons
• It need some GPS receivers to gather the position
  information.
• It need a location server to receive and process
  these data.

32
Hybrid Solutions E-OTD(Enhanced-Observed Time
Difference)

• E-OTD is a handset-based solution without the
  need for a GPS in the handset.
• The handheld device picks up the synchronization
  bursts transmitted by the base transceiver
  station(BTS), and records the burst arrival times.

33
How E-OTD Works
34
How E-OTD Transmits Information to the PSAPs
35
Pros and Cons of E-OTD

• Pros
• It needs to install location measurement units at
  every four cell sites. (But these units are easy
  to install.)
• It utilizes the existing capabilities of the GSM
  network.
• Cons
• It does require modifications to the handset
  software to improve the measurement process. (But
  in time-consuming viewpoint, it would cost less
  than traditional GPS)

36
Software-Based Solutions Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID)

• In every mobile phone there is a constantly
  updated table which lists every mobile base
  station that is within range.
• The solution accuracy increases as the number of
  cells within range increases, making it more
  accurate in urban environments.
• It requires 3 lines of code on the SIM card to
  get the list of mobile base stations within range.

37
How the CellPoint System Works
The CellPoint System provides E-CID position
determining technology
38
Pros and Cons of E-CID

• Pros
• It requires no changes to the existing network
  architecture, or to the mobile handset.
• A line of sight is not required between the cell
  sites and the handset.
• Cons
• Delivery of this code(3KB on SIM card) is done
  either when the SIM is issued or over-the air to
  SIM Toolkit enabled phones via SMS messages. (It
  will be embedded within the WAP browser under
  version 1.2 of the WAP protocol)

39
Weighting Various Position Determining
Technologies
40
Conclusion

• Applications
• E911
• Non-E911 Applications
• B2B
• extending e-commerce to m-commerce
• B2C

41
(No Transcript)