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Configuring Sites

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Sites define sets of domain controllers that are well connected in terms of speed and cost. ... can be manually added, configured, or forced to replicate over ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Configuring Sites


1
Configuring Sites
  • Configuring Site Settings
  • Configuring Inter-Site Replication
  • Troubleshooting Replication
  • Maintaining Server Settings

2
Configuring Site Settings
  • Configuring Site Settings
  • Sites
  • Subnets
  • Site Links
  • Site Licensing
  • Practice Configuring a Site

3
Overview of Configuring Site Settings
  • Create a site.
  • Associate a subnet with the site.
  • Connect the site using site links.
  • Select a site license server.

4
Site Definitions
  • Sites define sets of domain controllers that are
    well connected in terms of speed and cost.
  • A site is equivalent to a set of one or more IP
    subnets.
  • An object named Default-First-Site-Name is
    created in the Sites container when Active
    Directory is installed.
  • It is necessary to install the first domain
    controller into Default-First-Site-Name.
  • You can rename Default-First-Site-Name to this
    sites name.

5
Sites and Replication
  • Domain controllers in the same site replicate on
    the basis of notification.
  • Replication within sites occurs as needed rather
    than as scheduled.
  • Replication between sites occurs according to a
    schedule.

6
New Object-Site Dialog Box
7
Subnets
  • Computers on TCP/IP networks are assigned to
    sites based on their location in a subnet or a
    set of subnets.
  • Subnets group computers in a way that identifies
    their feasible physical proximity on the network.
  • Subnet information is used to find a domain
    controller in the same site as the computer that
    is authenticated during logon.
  • Subnet information is used during Active
    Directory replication to determine the best
    routes between domain controllers.

8
New Object-Subnet Dialog Box
9
Properties Dialog Box for a Subnet
10
Site Link Overview
  • A site link must be established for replication
    to occur.
  • Site links are not generated automatically they
    must be created in Active Directory Sites and
    Services.
  • Each site link contains the schedule that
    determines when replication can occur between the
    sites that it connects.
  • The Active Directory Sites and Services console
    guarantees that every site is placed in at least
    one site link.
  • A site link can contain more than two sites all
    the sites are equally well connected.
  • Active Directory Installation Wizard
    automatically creates an object named
    DEFAULTIPSITELINK in the IP container.
  • Rename the DEFAULTIPSITELINK object to the name
    you want to use for the site link.

11
IP Replication
  • Uses RPCs for replication over site links
    (inter-site) and within a site (intra-site).
  • Inter-site replication adheres to replication
    schedules Active Directory can be configured to
    ignore these schedules.
  • Does not require a CA.

12
SMTP Replication
  • Used for inter-site replication only, not for
    intra-site replication.
  • Asynchronous.
  • Typically ignores all schedules.
  • When using SMTP, the process must be completed by
    installing and configuring a certification
    authority (CA).
  • The CA signs SMTP messages that are exchanged
    between domain controllers, ensuring the
    authenticity of directory updates.

13
New Object-Site Link Dialog Box
14
Site Licensing Overview
  • Ensure an organizations legal compliance with
    Microsoft BackOffice software license agreements.
  • Information is collected on a server by the
    License Logging service in Microsoft Windows 2000
    Server.
  • Information is replicated to a centralized
    database on a server called the site license
    server for the site.
  • The Licensing utility can be used to view the
    licensing history for the entire site.
  • The default site license server is the first
    domain controller created for the site.
  • The site license server does not have to be a
    domain controller.
  • In large organizations with multiple sites,
    licensing information is collected separately by
    the site license server in each site.

15
Configuring Inter-Site Replication
  • Configuring Inter-Site Replication
  • Site Link Attributes
  • Site Link Bridges
  • Manually Configuring Connections
  • Designating a Preferred Bridgehead Server
  • Practice Configuring Inter-Site Replication

16
Site Link Cost
  • Configure site link cost to assign a value for
    the cost of each available connection used for
    inter-site replication.
  • Establish site links for each multiple redundant
    network connection.
  • Active Directory always chooses the connection on
    a per-cost basis.

17
Properties Dialog Box for a Site Link
18
Replication Frequency
  • Configure replication frequency by providing an
    integer value that tells Active Directory how
    many minutes it should wait before using a
    connection to check for replication updates.
  • An interval must be at least 15 minutes and no
    more than 10,080 minutes.
  • A site link must be available for any replication
    to occur.

19
Replication Availability
  • Availability determines when a site link will be
    available for replication.
  • SMTP typically ignores all schedules.
  • Do not configure site link replication
    availability on SMTP site links unless
  • The site links use scheduled connections.
  • The SMTP queue is not on a schedule.
  • Information is being exchanged directly from one
    server to another, and not through intermediaries.

20
Schedule For Dialog Box for a Site Link
21
Site Link Bridges
  • By default, all site links are bridged in terms
    of cost.
  • When site links are bridged, they are transitive.
  • All site links for a specific transport
    implicitly belong to a single site link bridge
    for that transport.
  • All site links within the bridge can route
    transitively, but they do not route outside of
    the bridge.

22
New Object-Site Link Bridge Dialog Box
23
Manually Configuring Connections
  • Active Directory automatically creates and
    deletes connections under normal conditions.
  • Connections can be manually added, configured, or
    forced to replicate over a particular connection.
  • Normally, replication should be allowed to be
    automatically optimized based on information
    provided to Active Directory Sites and Services
    about your deployment.
  • Create a connection manually only if the
    connection is required and is to persist until
    manually removed.

24
Forcing Replication Over a Connection
25
Designating a Preferred Bridgehead Server
  • Allows more control of replication behavior
  • Provides ranking for choosing preferred server
  • Distributes the directory information via
    intra-site replication
  • Creates contact point for exchange of directory
    information between sites
  • Ensures that high levels of directory information
    exchange are handled promptly

26
MultipleBridgehead Servers
  • Only one preferred bridgehead server is the
    active preferred bridgehead server at any time at
    a single site.
  • If the active preferred bridgehead server fails,
    Active Directory selects from your designated set
    another preferred bridgehead server to be the
    active preferred bridgehead server.
  • A domain controller is selected if no other
    preferred bridgehead servers are available.
  • The domain controller might not have the
    bandwidth to efficiently handle the increased
    requirements posed by being a preferred
    bridgehead server.
  • A preferred bridgehead server will be used as the
    first choice to receive and send all directory
    traffic.

27
Bridgehead Server and Firewalls
  • A preferred bridgehead server must be specified
    if the deployment uses a firewall to protect a
    site.
  • Establish the firewall proxy server as the
    preferred bridgehead server, making it the
    contact point for exchanging information with
    servers outside the firewall.
  • If this procedure is not followed, directory
    information may not be successfully exchanged.

28
Troubleshooting Replication
  • Troubleshooting Replication
  • Checking Replication Topology

29
Replication
  • Ineffective replication can result in declining
    Active Directory performance, such as new users
    not being recognized.
  • Ineffective replication primarily results in
    out-of-date directory information or unavailable
    domain controllers.
  • Each cause has one or more possible solutions.

30
Checking Replication Topology
  • Active Directory runs a process that considers
    the cost of inter-site connections, checks
    whether any previously available domain
    controllers are no longer available, checks
    whether new domain controllers have been added,
    and then uses this information to add or remove
    connection objects to create an efficient
    replication topology.
  • This process does not affect manually created
    connection objects.

31
Maintaining Server Settings
  • Maintaining Server Settings
  • Creating a Server Object in a Site
  • Moving Server Objects Between Sites
  • Enabling or Disabling a Global Catalog
  • Removing an Inoperative Server Object from a Site

32
Global Catalog
  • Clients must have access to a global catalog to
    log on.
  • At least one global catalog should exist in every
    site, to receive the benefits of containing
    network traffic provided by using sites.
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