Title: HOME AUTOMATION
1HOME AUTOMATION CONTROL
2WHY HOME AUTOMATION?
- Your security system knows all about your
occupancy of the house. With a little more
development it can build an intelligent expert
system to predict your usage, and for example
turn the alarm on if you forget. - Your central heating programmer knows the
standards of comfort you expect but doesnt
know which rooms are in use. - By linking just these two you could achieve a
reduction in fuel costs and a better match to
your requirements.
3APPLICATIONS
- The applications are limited only by your
imagination - Turning lights down / off at night.
- Operating outside lights
- Turning lights or radio on / off when someone
approaches the house, simulating occupancy - Operating television, hot water heater, kettle,
toaster etc. ready for your use. - Optimizing use of low cost electricity (economy
7) - Working with intelligent electrical white goods
e.g. washing machine, fridge, microwave etc.
4WHAT IS HOME AUTOMATION?
- Home automation deals with providing a network in
the house which links - computers peripheral equipment,
- smart chip bearing household appliances (white
goods) e.g. dish washers, washing machines,
microwaves etc., and - sub-systems like Heating, Ventilation,
Air-conditioning (HVAC), and security systems.
5Showing some applications of X-10 and European
Home System (EHS) for home automation
6ADVANTAGES OF HOME AUTOMATION
- Flexibility Convenience
- Security
- Cost Saving
- Security
- Remote Control
7EXAMPLE OF APPLICATIONS FOR HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM
8HISTORY EARLY DEVELOPMENTS
- Earliest home control systems were proposed by
Hitachi Matsushita in 1978. - First home automation blue prints and
demonstrations held by Japanese Electrical
Appliance manufacturers like Sanyo, Sony, Toshiba
etc. - Honeywells first demonstration house started in
1978. - American X 10 system appeared in 1979.
- Two rival programs CEBus and Smart House started
in the early 1980s in the US. - GE reported their multimedia home bus signaling
protocol Homenet in 1983. - Total Home system launched in 1992.
- GIS, Home Automation Ltd. MK Electric took the
initiative in Europe.
9THE NEED FOR PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDISATION
- A definite set of rules were needed for products
to communicate with each other and some sort of
control unit was needed to control these various
products. - Resolving Contention
- Integrating various transmission media.
- System Architecture two alternatives
- Centralized Control
- Distributed Control
10HOME AUTOMATION AROUND THE WORLD
11TYPES OF HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
- PC-based system Requires a PC to be running at
all times. - Dedicated PC
- Shared PC
- Standalone system Runs without a PC, although
may use a PC for programming - Hybrid system Runs without a PC, but uses PC to
add more functions.
12STANDARDS
- BatiBUS Club International (BCI)
- Bluetooth
- CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus)
- EIA-776
- EIB (European Installation Bus)
- EHS (European Home System)
- ETI (Extend the Internet Alliance)
- HAVI (Home Audio Visual Interoperability)
- HBS (Home Bus System)
- HES (Home Electronic System)
- Home API
- Home Plug Play
13STANDARDS - CONTINUED
- Home Plug Alliance
- Home PNA (Home Phoneline and network Alliance)
- Home RF (Home Radia Frequency working Group)
- JINI (The Jini Community)
- LonMark Interoperability Association
- OSGI (Open Service Gateway Initiative)
- Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance
- Upnp (Universal Plug and Play)
- VESA (Video Electronics Standards Assoc.)
- PROPRIETARY SPECIFICATIONS
- HomeConnex-Peracom Networks , No New Wires-
Intellon Corp, Lonworks-Echelon Corp.,
Sharewave-Sharewave Inc. , X-10-X10 Inc.
14X-10 THE FATHER OF POWERLINE HOME AUTOMATION
PROTOCOLS
- X-10 is a communications protocol for remote
control of electrical devices. Consists of X-10
transmitters and receivers which communicate over
the existing standard household wiring. - X-10 is a trademark of X-10 USA and of X-10 Home
Controls Incorporated (Canada). - X-10 PLC technology was initially developed
between 1976 and 1978 by engineers at Pico
Electronics Ltd. in Scotland. A merger with BSR
International established X-10 Ltd. in 1978.
15X-10 SPECIFICATIONS
- Transmitters and receivers plug into standard
electrical outlets or are hardwired into
electrical boxes. - They have three main functions(turn on, turn off
and dim) - Simplest Transmitter A small control box with
buttons to select the unit to be controlled and
to select the control command to be sent. - Programmable units having on board timers to
select times at which control signals are sent.
Programming is done with on board buttons or
through PC. - Special purpose X10 transmitters respond to
motion, light or DTMF (telephone) tones - Simplest Receiver A small module plugged into an
electrical outlet provides controlled power to
the controlled device. It has two dials to set
the unit ID code on it. - A relay inside switches on and off in response to
X-10 commands directed to it. A lamp module has
a triac instead of a relay.
16Examples of X-10 devices
17X-10 LIMITING RANGE OF TRANSMISSION
- The next slide shows how X10 uses bursts of
120kHz signal superimposed onto the house mains
supply, shown as one of the three supply phases. - This means interference can only occur with one
in three neighbouring houses. - X10 also uses a house code (A P) that can be
adjusted to be different to the remaining
neighbours.
18X-10 Signals are sent at the zero crossing for
each phase of the electricity supply ensuring
successful communication
19X-10 SPECIFICATIONS CONTINUED
- X-10 specifies a total of 256 different
addresses. - Each transmitter is selectable by a unique house
code out of a total of 16 house codes (A-P). - Each transmitter can further handle a total of 16
receiving units corresponding to 16 different
unit codes (1-16)
20X-10 INTERFACE WITH A COMPUTER
- The PC can control the X-10 modules via the CP290
Home Control Interface. - Other X10 modules to interface computers directly
to the power line are - PL513 (send only)
- W523 (send receive) and
- PLIX (Power Line interface to X-10)
21X-10 TRANSMISSION DETAILS
- Each ONE bit in a legitimate X 10 transmission is
a 1 millisecond(ms) pulse code modulated burst of
120KHz on the AC line and each ZERO is the
absence of such a burst. The burst is sent three
times for each bit once at each AC zero crossing(
accounting for zero crossing in 3-phase). - Each bit is sent both true and complemented and
each code sequence is sent twice to overcome the
noise over the line. - Bit sequence for a typical X10 transmission
1 1 1 0 H8 /H8 H4 /H4 H2 /H2 H1 /H1 D8 /D8 D4
/D4 D2 /D2 D1 /D1 F /F (start) (House
code) (Unit/Function code)
22X-10 Example of transmitted signal
- House and unit codes
- A 1 0000 I 9 1000
- B 2 0001 J 10 1001
- C 3 0010 K 11 1010
- D 4 0011 L 12 1011
- E 5 0100 M 13 1100
- F 6 0101 N 14 1101
- G 7 0110 O 15 1110
- H 8 0111 P 16 1111
- Leader 1110
- House code (A P) D 0011
- Unit code (1 16) 13 1100
- Function (1 on or 0 off)on 1
Transmitted signal 1110 01011010 10100101 10
23CEBus COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOL
- A United States standard developed by the
Electronics Industry Association (EIA). - Resulted from the standardization of infrared
signaling used for remote control of appliances
to avoid incompatible or interfering formats. - CEBus (Consumer Electronic Bus) became an interim
standard in 1992 and voting to make it a national
standard commenced in 1995. - Huge participation and interest in the CEBus
protocol. Committee meetings were attended by
more than 400 companies.
24FEATURES OF CEBus WHICH ALLOW FLEXIBILITY AND
COST CONTROL.
- Provide home automation for retrofit into
existing houses. - Encourages development of low cost interface
units embedded in appliances for operation on
CEBus media - Accommodate a variety of data transmission media.
Most aspects of device communications do not vary
by medium. - Supports the distribution of wide band audio and
video services in a variety of analog and digital
formats. - Use of a distributed communications strategy for
CEBus so no central controller is required for
communications among appliances. - Permit Plug and Play.
- Prioritize device access.
25NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IN THE CEBus PROTOCOL
- The CEBus standard accommodates the following
transmission media - Electric power line
- Twisted-pair wires
- Coaxial cable
- Infrared signaling
- Radio frequency signaling
- Fiber optics
- Audio-video bus
26ADVANTAGES OF CEBus
- Home automation can be installed without
additional wiring - Power line is used for data exchange and infrared
or radio frequency used for remote control of
devices.
27AEI EasyLife Home Control Pack
- Simple to install. Just plug in the adaptors and
operate from the remote control - Additionally you can control the adaptors from
your PC - Simple to program - Just insert the CD and follow
the simple instructions - Simple to control - just point and click on the
icons with your mouse - Transmits code through walls and ceilings
- Expandable using up to 60 Remote Automation
adaptors including mains adaptors, bayonet
fittings and wire in modules
28CONTROL CHANNEL SPECIFICATIONS
- All media carry the CEBus control channel and
data transmission rate is common at 8000 bits per
second. - They can also carry data channels with high
bandwidths. - CEBus specifies a dual coaxial system.
- The format for CEBus control messages is
independent of the communications medium used.
29CEBus Devices and Topology
- Supports flexible topology
- Offers broadcasting facility
- Uses Distributed Control.
30CEBus network showing three communication media
interconnected by routers.
31Block diagram of CEBus installation in home
32HOME ELECTRONIC SYSTEM (HES)
- Standard under development by a formal working
Group sanctioned by the ISO and the
IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission) of
Geneva, Switzerland. - GOAL
- To specify hardware and software so a
manufacturer might offer one version of a product
that could operate on a variety of home
automation networks. - Following components specified to accomplish the
above goal - Universal Interface
- Command Language
- HomeGate
33HES APPLICATION MODELS AND FUNCTIONAL SAFETY
- For devices to be interoperable choice of
observability and controllability must be
consistent among various devices. - An application model describes the engineering
aspects of a device that can be read, written, or
executed via a home automation network. - All safety critical messages sent over the
network must be confirmed. - IEC defines functional safety as the ability of a
home control system to carry out the actions
necessary to achieve and maintain an appropriate
level of safety both under normal conditions and
in case of a fault or hazard.
34HES SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- UNIVERSAL INTERFACE
- To achieve the goal of compatibility of any
device with any other network the appliance has a
universal interface that includes a standard
data plug.
35HES COMPONENTS CONTD.
- HES Application Language
- The HES language must accommodate a superset of
commands for the likely networks. It may not
optimize operation on any one home automation
system but it lowers costs when selling into a
diverse market. - Homegate
- The function of a gateway is primarily to
translate between a wide area network (WAN)
protocol and a local area network (LAN)
36HOME PLUG PLAY (HPnP)
- Seamless integration and interoperation of
devices irrespective of the physical protocol. - Use of CAL
- HPnP and protocols like CEBus provide a consumer
with the convenience of buying a device and just
plugging it in. The device just announces itself
on the network and no other or minimal further
programming is needed to make it work. - Advantages
- Allows a consumer to control his home from home,
work or from on the road. Coupled with CEBus
protocol provides a connectivity unparalleled by
any other methodology. - Effort is being made to integrate CAL and IP.
37SWAP HomeRF Working Group
- The HRFWG was formed to provide the foundation
for a broad range of interoperable consumer
devices by establishing an open industry
specification for wireless digital communication
between PCs and consumer electronic devices
anywhere in and around the home. - For this they developed a protocol called the
SWAP (Shared Wireless Access Protocol) - This protocol gives the standard interoperability
between many different consumer electronics
devices as well as the flexibility and mobility
of a wireless solution. - Since its inception in March 1998 the membership
now exceeds 90 companies.
38SHARED WIRELESS ACCESS PROTOCOL
- Allows PCs, peripherals, phones, and consumer
electronics to communicate with one another
without having to interconnect them with wires. - SWAP operates in 2.4 GHz ISM band. Protocol
architecture closely resembles the IEEE 802.11
wireless LAN standards in the physical layer. - In the MAC layer it adds a subset of DECT
standards to provide voice services. As a result
it can support both data and voice services.
39BENEFITS OF SWAP
- Allows shared access of Internet connections from
anywhere in the house. - Automatic intelligent routing of incoming
telephone calls to one or more cordless handsets,
FAX machines or voice mailboxes of individual
family members. - Cordless handset access to an integrated message
system to review stored voice mail, FAXes and
e-mail. - Personal intelligent agents running on the PC for
each family member, accessed by speaking into
cordless handsets. - Wireless LANs allowing users to share files and
peripherals between one or more PCs. - Spontaneous control of home security systems,
heating and air conditioning systems from
anywhere around the home.
40TECHNICAL SUMMARY OF THE SWAP SPEC
- HomeRF SWAP system is designed to carry both
voice and data traffic and to interoperate with
PSTN - Supports both TDMA and CSMA/CA
41SWAP SYSTEM PARAMETERS
- Frequency hopping network - 50 hops per second
- Frequency range - 2400 MHz ISM band
- Transmission power - 100mW
- Data Rate 1 to 2 Mbps depending on type of
modulation - Range - covers typical home and yard
- Supported Stations Up to 127 devices per
network - Voice Connections Up to 6 full duplex
conversations - Data compression, Data security and 48 bit
network ID
42SWAP NETWORK TOPOLOGY
- SWAP system can operate either as an ad-hoc
network or as a managed network. - The network can accommodate a maximum of 127
nodes. These nodes can be a mixture of 4 basic
types - Connection Point
- Voice terminal
- Data node
- Voice and Data node.
43OTHER STANDARDS
- BatiBus
- A de facto European standard.
- BatiBUS is a single bus enabling
intercommunications between all the modules
(CPUs, sensors and actuators) in building control
systems such as heating, air conditioning,
lighting and closure functions. Medium is usually
a twisted pair. - User friendly protocol based on CSMA/CA
- HomePlug
- Another Powerline Alliance which uses Powerline
as a communication medium.
44Resources
- www.x-10europe.com/ supplier of X-10 modules
- www.x-10.co.uk/
- www.kevinboone.com/home-automation.html
- www.easylife.co.uk/