Today

1
Today

• Lecture
• Excel

2
Techniques and Approaches for presenting research
Data
3
Report writing

• There are different kinds of reports may asked to
  submit during or at the end of the project
• We will discuss some categories here.

4
Technical Reports

• May be needed to
• Justifying expenditure
• New programs
• Resource utilization
• Research projects
• Grant writing
• Need to be creative to do it

5
Technical reports

• Need to be
• Direct
• Precise
• Start with purpose and objective
• What was done
• Why was done
• How was done
• What was accomplished
• What outcomes were measured
• Implications of the outcomes
• How results can be applied to future studies

6
Interim reports

• Agencies provide you the forms
• To chart the progress of the project
• Start with summary
• Recap rationale
• Subjects
• Intervention
• Data collected
• Any problems and alternative plans
• Graphs and figures
• Should be well structured, concise and focused

7
Summary reports

• Used to present completed projects
• Recap the objectives
• Review the data collection method
• Describe data analysis laboratory
• Reports the results

8
Evaluation reports

• Added dimension to the summary reports
• Must include an analytic discussion to interpret
  the results
• Data is presented
• Impact of the outcomes should be analyzed
• Requires analysis and interpretation

9
Abstracts

• May be stand alone
• Summaries of what has been done
• Have basic components of longer manuscript
• Limited by space.. 200 -500 words
• Reader should have essence of the whole project
• Intro Methodology Results Conclusion
• No references
• It is hard

10
Posters

• Different that oral presentation
• More visual
• More interaction between author and audience
• Organizations provide guidelines
• 44 x 38
• Visible from 2 ft
• Title visible from 40 ft

11
Oral Presentation

• Analyze the anticipated audience
• Presenting at Scientific conference less problem
• Abstracted data to elaborate on the research
• Brief review and rationale
• Data analysis and conclusions
• Not too much data
• Abstract submitted should be guidelines
• Visual support to make things simple

12
Publishing research Paper

• Most difficult
• Time consuming
• Demands commitment
• Repetitive
• Most satisfying

13
Steps for Publishing

• Selecting journals
• Each has specific readership
• Following the format from guidelines
• Reference style
• Heading subheading and Abbreviations
• Decide on the data
• Look at similar publications
• Outline
• Introduction, Methods, Results Discussions,
  Conclusion
• Review.
• Peer Review
• Issue of authorship

14
Illustration of Results

• Purpose of illustration
• Make information more understandable
• Depict relationships
• Add needed emphasis
• IS a challenge
• Need Creativity
• Tables, Figures, Graphs, Photographs, Flow charts
  etc.

15
Tables

• To explain the argument of the paper and to
  assess the support
• Graphs may be alternative to table
• Do not duplicate
• Should be understandable without any reference
• Different style may need different data

16
More on Tables and Graphs

• Do not make graphs for different variables
• Three stages of reading tables
• The scanning stage
• Column heads and down the stub
• Reading and comparison
• Reading across the rows
• Second level comparison
• Further comparisons up and down and reading
  footnotes etc.

17
How to plot?

• Functional properties of wheat protein
• ANOVA
• Macro