Infrastructure and components

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Infrastructure and components
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Cable

• The cable and components used in structured
  cabling systems is defined in the standards
• EIA/TIA 568 x
• There are a number of different levels of cables
  and components known as Catagories
• ISO 11801
• There are a number of different levels of cables
  and components known as Classes

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Categories

• Specified in TIA/EIA 568 X (i.e. In various 568
  standards)
• Cat 1 Previously used for POTS telephone
  communications, ISDN and doorbell wiring.
• Cat 2 Previously was frequently used on 4
  Mbit/s token ring networks.
• Cat 3 used for data networks using frequencies
  up to 16 MHz. Historically popular for 10 Mbit/s
  Ethernet networks.
• Cat 4 Provided performance of up to 20 MHz, and
  was frequently used on 16 Mbit/s token ring
  networks.
• Cat 5 Provided performance of up to 100 MHz,
  and was frequently used on 100 Mbit/s Ethernet
  networks. May be unsuitable for 1000BASE-T
  gigabit ethernet.
• Cat 5e Provides performance of up to 100 MHz,
  and is frequently used for both 100 Mbit/s and
  Gigabit Ethernet networks.
• Cat 6 Provides performance of up to 250 MHz,
  more than double category 5 and 5e.
• Cat 6a Provides performance of up to 500 MHz,
  double that of category 6. Suitable for
  10GBase-T.

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Categories

• Cat 1 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
• Cat 2 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
• Cat 3 Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B.
• Cat 4 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
• Cat 5 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA.
• Cat 5e Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B.
• Cat 6 Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B.
• Cat 6a Currently defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-
  10.

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Category data networks history

• CAT3
• 10Mbit/s networks
• CAT4
• Developed for increased bit rates but was
  superseded by CAT5
• CAT5
• 100MHz bandwidth easily carried 100Mbits/s
• CAT5e
• Was developed because a badly installed CAT5
  system could not carry Gigabit Ethernet
• CAT6
• Easily carries Gigabit ethernet, future proofs
  network
• CAT6a
• Designed to carry 10 Gigabit Ethernet

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Classes

• Specified in ISO 11801
• Class A up to 100 kHz (category 1)
• Class B up to 1 MHz (category 2)
• Class C up to 16 MHz (category 3)
• Class D up to 100 MHz (category 5e)
• Class E up to 250 MHz (category 6)
• Class F up to 600 MHz (category 7)

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Twisted pair

• Two conductors are wound together to cancel out
  EMI
• From external sources (entering cable)
• From crosstalk (leaving cable)
• The two wires typically carry equal and opposite
  signals (differential mode)
• Noise on the pairs is mostly cancelled out
• Each wire have similar amounts of EMI
• EMI is 180 degrees out of phase with each other
• Usually each pair has a different twist ratio

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• Primary Colours
• White
• Red
• Black
• Yellow
• Violet
• Secondary Colours
• Blue
• Orange
• Green
• Brown
• Slate (grey)

25 pair cable
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Telecommunications outlet

• Also known as a TO
• Standard specifies RJ45 connector
• Must be wired T568A or T568B

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IDC

• Insulation displacement connector
• Connector that pierces the insulation on a wire
  to make the connection
• Removes the need to strip the wire before
  connecting
• Must be wired T568A or T568B
• Cold Welds materials together ????

Comparing an IDC connection (LH) with a crimped
connection (RH) www.ami.ac.uk
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Telecommunications outlet 2

• At least one should be
• 4 Pair 100 OHM UTP
• The other can be
• 4 Pair 100 OHM UTP OR
• 2 Pair 150 OHM STP OR
• 2 Strand, 62.5/125 multimode optical fibre

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T568A and T568B pinouts
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
T568A
T568B
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To clear any confusion

• TIA-568-A and TIA-568-B are referring to the
  ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-A and ANSI/EIA/TIA-568-B wiring
  standards
• T568A is a jack wiring pattern, one of the two in
  the standards the other is T568B
• T568A
• Used in America
• T568B
• Used in Europe

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Cable types

• The standard recognises the following cable types
• 4-pair 100 O unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) or
  screened twisted-pair (F/UTP)
• 4-pair 100 O fully shielded twisted-pair (S/FTP)
  (ISO/IEC 118012002 only)
• 2-fiber (duplex) 62.5/125µm or 50/125µm
• 62.5/125µm USA standards
• 50/125µm 62.5/125µm European standards
• Duplex SC connectors
• Multi-unit cables are allowed,
• Must satisfy the hybrid/bundled cable
  requirements of TIA/EIA-568-B.2, ISO/IEC
  118012002
• Under carpet cabling is no longer recognized by
  that standard ISO/IEC 118012002

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Work area

• Work area equipment and cables covered by 568-B.1
  and 118012002
• Work area cables to be a maximum of 3m
• Exception to the 3m length discussed later
• 2 telecommunications outlets per work area
  minimum
• Patch leads are the same Category as the cabling

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Work area II

• 1st outlet
• Must be a 4 pair twisted pair cable
• Shielded
• Unshielded
• Category 6 is recommended

• 2nd outlet can be either
• A 4 pair twisted pair cable
• Shielded
• Unshielded
• A pair of multimode optical fibres

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• Customer Premises Equipment
• Equipment Cord
• Patchcords/cross-connect jumpers, including
  equipment cables/cords, should not exceed 5m (16
  ft.).Note ISO/IEC 118012002 specifies a max.
  patchcord/ cross-connect length of 5m (16.4 ft.),
  which does not include equipment cables/cords.
• Horizontal cable 90m (295 ft.) max. total
• Transition point of consolidation point(optional)
  
• Telecommunications outlet/connector (TO)
• Work Area (WA) Equipment cord

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Other Rules

• Bridged taps and splices are not allowed
• Fiber splices are allowed for fiber optic cables
• Application specific components shall not be
  installed as part of the horizontal cabling
• eg. splitters, baluns
• Cabling shall be configured in a star topology

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Patch leads and equipment cords

• Maximum combined length of 10m
• Parts b,c g
• Maximum copper link length 100m
• 90m cords (10m)